主题：贴，贴， -- 虽远必诛
有人看不到 cochrane reviews，本来想标志哀悼，但是考虑到由此就引出其他河友的怀疑和误解，我就不一个人爽了。
但是因为技术问题，CCH不让上传PDF，找了一些上传网站，不会用
那咱就采取最原始的办法，cut and paste。
所以就贴，贴，贴，任何有反对意见的，去找那个看不到还要看的。
Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review)
Zhang X, Wu T, Zhang J, Yan Q, Xie L, Liu GJ
This is a reprint of a Cochrane review, prepared and maintained by The Cochrane Collaboration and published in The Cochrane Library
2009, Issue 4
http://www.thecochranelibrary.com
Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review)
Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S
HEADER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
OBJECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
RESULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
AUTHORS’ CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
DATA AND ANALYSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Analysis 1.1. Comparison 1 Chinese herbs versus controls, Outcome 1 Change of symptoms. . . . . . . . . 101
Analysis 1.2. Comparison 1 Chinese herbs versus controls, Outcome 2 Change of symptoms (Sanhan Jiere Houfuye). 104
Analysis 1.3. Comparison 1 Chinese herbs versus controls, Outcome 3 Recovery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Analysis 1.4. Comparison 1 Chinese herbs versus controls, Outcome 4 Improvement. . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Analysis 1.5. Comparison 1 Chinese herbs versus controls, Outcome 5 Partial improvement. . . . . . . . . . 107
Analysis 1.6. Comparison 1 Chinese herbs versus controls, Outcome 6 No improvement. . . . . . . . . . . 108
Analysis 1.7. Comparison 1 Chinese herbs versus controls, Outcome 7 Number of participants whose temperature
normalised at 24, 48, 72 hours after drug administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Analysis 1.8. Comparison 1 Chinese herbs versus controls, Outcome 8 Time temperature started to abate. . . . . 109
Analysis 1.9. Comparison 1 Chinese herbs versus controls, Outcome 9 Average duration of fever time. . . . . . 110
Analysis 1.10. Comparison 1 Chinese herbs versus controls, Outcome 10 TCM signs (ITT analysis). . . . . . . 111
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
WHAT’S NEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
CONTRIBUTIONS OF AUTHORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
DECLARATIONS OF INTEREST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
SOURCES OF SUPPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROTOCOL AND REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
INDEX TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) i
Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
[Intervention Review]
Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold
Xiaoge Zhang2, Taixiang Wu1, Jing Zhang3, Qiu Yan4, Lingxia Xie5, Guan Jian Liu1
1Chinese Cochrane Centre, Chinese EBM Centre,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. 2State Key Laboratory
ofOralDiseases,WestChina College of Stomatology, SichuanUniversity, Chengdu, China. 3Reproductive Endocrinology,Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. 4West China Medical
School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. 5Clinical Medicine, West China Secondary Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu,
China
Contact address: Taixiang Wu, Chinese Cochrane Centre, Chinese EBM Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37,
Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China. [email protected]. [email protected]. (Editorial group: Cochrane Acute
Respiratory Infections Group.)
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 4, 2009 (Status in this issue: Unchanged)
Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004782.pub2
This version first published online: 24 January 2007 in Issue 1, 2007.
Last assessed as up-to-date: 21 July 2008. (Help document - Dates and Statuses explained)
This record should be cited as: Zhang X, Wu T, Zhang J, Yan Q, Xie L, Liu GJ. Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD004782. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004782.pub2.
A B S T R A C T
Background
Chinese medicinal herbs are frequently used to treat the common cold in China. Until now, their efficacy has not been systematically
reviewed.
Objectives
To assess the effectiveness and safety of Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold.
Search strategy
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2008, issue 2), which contains the
Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group’s Specialised Register;MEDLINE (1966 toMay 2008); EMBASE (1980 toMay 2008);
AMED (1985 to May 2008); the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBMdisc) (1978 to May 2008); and China National Knowledge
Infrastructure (CNKI) (1994 to May 2008).
Selection criteria
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) studying the efficacy of Chinese medicinal herb(s) for the treatment of the common cold.
Data collection and analysis
Four review authors telephoned the original trial authors of the RCTs identified by our searches to verify the randomisation procedure.
Two review authors extracted and analysed data from trials which met the inclusion criteria.
Main results
We found17 studies involving 3212 patients. Themethods of 15 studies were at high risk of bias. In only two studies was the risk of bias
low. Trials used “positive drugs”, of which the efficacy was not known, as controls. Different Chinese herbal preparations were tested in
nearly all trials. In only one trial was a Chinese herbal preparation tested twice. In seven trials, six herbal preparations were found to be
Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 1
Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
more effective at enhancing recovery than the control preparations. In the other 10 studies, seven herbal preparations were not shown
to be significantly different from the control. One study did not describe the difference between the intervention and control groups.
Authors’ conclusions
Chinese herbal medicines may shorten the symptomatic phase in patients with the common cold. However, the lack of trials of low
enough risk of bias, or using a placebo or a drug clearly identified as a control, means that we are uncertain enough to be unable to
recommend any kind of Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold.
P L A I N L A N G U A G E S U M M A R Y
Chinese medicinal herbs to treat the common cold
The common cold is the most widespread acute respiratory tract illness affecting all age groups. Many Chinese herbal medicines are
used to treat this illness in China. Although we included 17 trials, involving 3212 patients, in this review, the risk of bias was so high that
the evidence did not support using any Chinese herbal preparation(s) for the common cold. Well-designed clinical trials are required.
B A C K G R O U N D
Description of the condition
The common cold is the most widespread acute respiratory tract
illness across all age groups
sweat, generally have a high temperature, develop a thin, white fur
on the tongue, and experience a productive cough. ’Fever cold’,
on the other hand, is defined by the fact that patients do not feel
chilly, have an elevated temperature, develop a thin and slightly
yellow fur on the tongue, and experience a productive cough.
Herbs are indicated and dispensed in accordance with the symptoms
or causes of the cold. For example Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum)
compounds can markedly abate fever (Deng 1998a),
and Chai Hu (Bupleurum chinesenes DC) and Jing Jie (Herba
Schizonepetae) act as analgesics (Wang 1998; Xu 1998). Ma
Huang (Herba Ephedrae) can be used to induce perspiration and
as an analgesic (Gong 1998); while Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae) is
dispensed to loosen sputumand suppress coughs (Xue 1998). Fang
Feng (Radix Saposhnikiviae) and Zhi Shu Ye (Folium Perillae) are
given for what is commonly termed ’chill cough’; Jin Ying Hua
(Flos Lonicerae) and Bo He (Herba Menthae) for ’fever cough’;
and Fructus Gardeniae for fever and convulsions.
Why it is important to do this review
Modern pharmacological experiments demonstrate that some
herbs, such as Jin Ying Hua (Flos Lonicerae) (Deng 1998b), Yu
Xin Chao (Herba Houttuyniae) (Deng 1998c), and Ban Lan Gen
(Radix Isatidis) (Deng 1998d) do have antiviral or antibacterial
functions. The principles of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
state that the ideal effect will result from using Chinese medicinal
herbs according to its guidelines. Using the herbs incorrectly may
cause harm rather than benefit; for example, the herbs for ’fever
cold’ should never be used for a ’chills cold’.
In China, more than 100 varieties of herbal preparation are used
in the prevention and treatment of the common cold. Hundreds
of millions of dollars are spent on treating colds each year (Zuo
2006). Hundreds of clinical studies have been carried out on Chinese
medicinal herbs for the common cold. These include five
randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving 880 participants
conducted on “Huang Zhi Hua oral preparation” (Cheng 1999;
He 1999; Pan 1999; Wang 1999a; Yi 1999a). Almost all of these
studies have reported a positive effect.
In high-income countries there is increasing public interest in,
and use of, a wide range of therapies which lie outside the ’mainstream’
or traditionalWesternmedical practice. The recentHouse
of Lords Select Committee report on Complementary and Alternative
Medicine (CAM) heard that “we are now experiencing a
rapid increase in the use of CAM across the Western World” (
HLSC 2000). Whether we support or criticise their effectiveness,
herbal medicines are widely used.
There is evidence to indicate that not all herbs are risk-free. There
are concerns about adverse events, including allergic reactions and
Chinese herbal nephropathy (CHN) (Lampert 2002; Lord 2001;
Nortier 2000). Scientific evidence which indicates that Chinese
herbal medicines are more effective than antibiotics in the treatment
of acute respiratory infections is insufficient (Liu 1998).
O B J E C T I V E S
To assess the efficacy and safety of Chinese medicinal herbs for the
treatment of the common cold in children and adults.
Secondary objectives were to compare the efficacy of different
Chinese medicinal herbs and record any related adverse events.
When making comparisons between groups intended for treatment
with Chinese medicinal herbs and groups allocated to the
placebo or other current treatment regimes, or various Chinese
medicinal herbs, we tested the following hypotheses:
1. that there is no difference in the number of people cured
by the end of the third day; and
2. that there is no difference in the number of adverse
events.
M E T H O D S
Criteria for considering studies for this review
Types of studies
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) studying the efficacy of Chinese
medicinal herbs for the common cold. If trials did not report
the outcome we were looking for, we contacted the trial authors
to ask for this additional information; the trials were excluded if
this information was not available.
Types of participants
Children (17 years or younger) and adults (18 years or older) with
the common cold.
The common cold is defined as acute inflammation of the nasal
cavity, pharynx or larynx, caused by viral infection(s). Typical
symptoms include runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, sore or
scratchy throat, cough, fatigue and fever. Ideally, the diagnostic
criteria for the common cold should be described in the trial. To
allow for changes in classification and diagnostic criteria of the disease,
the diagnosis should be established using the standard criteria
valid at the time of conducting the trial. Changes in diagnostic
criteriamay have produced variability in the clinical characteristics
of the patients included and the results obtained. We considered,
documented and explored these changes in a sensitivity analysis.
We excluded colds caused by influenza in this review - symptoms
always included headache, muscle ache and fatigue, high fever,
usually a cough, sometimes a runny nose, sneezing, sore throat,
and itching eyes, nose, or throat.We also excluded acute bronchitis
developing froma case of common cold.These illnesses are assessed
in other Cochrane Reviews (Chen 2005; Wei 2005).
Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 3
Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
We excluded patients concurrently suffering fromother infectious
or febrile diseases, or both.
Types of interventions
Chinese herbal medicines compared with placebo or other treatments
for the common cold.We excluded prohibited or suspended
Chinese herbal preparations.
Types of outcome measures
Primary outcomes
Recovery refers to whether the symptoms of common cold were
cleared within three days after treatment. Trials use the following
outcome measures:
1. ’fast effect’ - which means that the fever abated within
two to four hours after treatment, with symptoms subsiding
after 24 hours. This was considered as a ’recovery’;
2. ’marked effect’ - which means that the fever abated
within 24 to 48 hours after treatment, with symptoms
of the common cold subsiding after 48 hours. This was
also considered as a ’recovery’.
Secondary outcomes
1. Fever clearance time: fever clearance time refers to the
time between commencing treatment and temperature
returning to normal.
2. Improvement: temperature returns to normal and most
of the symptoms disappear within three days of administration
of the Chinese herbal preparation.
3. Partial improvement: fever abatement and some symptoms
disappear within three days of administration of
the Chinese herbal preparation.
4. No improvement: no significant change in symptoms
was noted at the end of the third day following the administration
of theChinese herbal preparation. Patients
with a high fever treated with physiotherapy or antibiotics
(for clearance of fever during the treatment) were
considered in this category.
5. Adverse events: we defined serious adverse events according
to the ICHGuidelines (ICHEWG1997) as any
event that leads to death, is life-threatening, requires inpatient
hospitalisation or prolongation of existing hospitalisation,
results in persistent or significant disability,
and any important medical event whichmay have jeopardised
the patient or required intervention to prevent
it. We considered all other adverse events to be nonserious.
6. Additional outcomes: we attempted to analyse the effects
of the interventions on TCM signs, which follow
a particular theoretical and methodological pathway, as
additional outcomes in this review. See the final point in
the Discussion section with regards to validating methods
used to measure TCM signs.
Search methods for identification of studies
Electronic searches
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials
(CENTRAL) (TheCochrane Library 2008, issue 2) which contains
the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group’s Specialised
Register; MEDLINE (1966 to May 2008); EMBASE (1980 to
May 2008); AMED(1985 toMay 2008); the Chinese Biomedical
Database (CBMdisc) (1978 to May 2008)
3. Current Controlled Trials ( http:/ / www.controlledtrials.
com/);
4. Chinese Clinical Trial Register ( http:/ /
www.chictr.org);
5. Australian Clinical Trial Registry ( http:/ /
www.actr.org.au/); and
6. WHO ICTRP search portal ( http:/ / www.who.int/
trialsearch/).
Data collection and analysis
Selection of studies
Six review authors (WT, ZX, ZJ, XLX, QY, LG) performed the
searches and retrieved articles. The same review authors selected
the trials to be included in the study and no disagreements were
recorded.We retrieved the selected trials which claimed to be randomised.
We then confirmed that they were correctly randomised
by telephoning the original trial authors.
Data extraction and management
Two review authors (WT, LG) independently extracted data using
a piloted data extraction form.We extracted data on study characteristics
including methods, participants, interventions and outcomes.
There were no disagreements. The formulation contents of
included studies and herb names in three languages are described
in Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1. Contents of the formulations used in the included studies
Study ID Contents Method of administration
Chang 2002 Did not provide any information about the contents of interventions
including Shanhanjiere Koufuye and Biaoshi
Ganmao Chongji
Each ml solution contained 2 g of raw drug material.
Each ampoule contained 4 ml. One ampoule for children
younger than 4 years of age was administered by the rectal
route; and 2 ampoules were administered for children
older than 4 years of age, 3 times a day.
Chang 2005 Jinlianhua, Daqinye, Shenshigao, Zhimu, Shendi, Xuanshen,
Kuxingren
Oral administration
Chang 2007 Gegen Qingre granule: Chaihu, Gegen, Huangqin,
Mahuang, Shigao, Xingren, Gancao
Oral water dilution
Chen 2004 Gegen, Huangqin, Huanglian, Zhigancao Oral administration
Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 5
Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
Table 1. Contents of the formulations used in the included studies (Continued)
Li 1998c Qinwinkeli: the author mentioned that Qinwinkeli consisted
of 5 herbs, but just listed 2 in the paper: Shigao,
Sangye
Oral water dilution
Li 1999b Qinkailing injection: Niuhuang, Shuiniujiao, Zhenzhumu,
Huangqin, Zhizi, Jinyinghua, Banlangen 10 ml
contains 50 mg baicalin
Intravenous injection
Liu 2002 Kangbingdupian: Banlangen, Lianqiao, Shigao, Shendi,
Guanghuoxiang, Yujin, Shichangpu
Oral administration
Ma 2000b Shuanhua aerosol: Yejuhua, Jinyinghua, Yuxingchao,
Chaihu, Boheyou
Mei 2003 Yujin injection: water extraction of Yuxingcao, Jinyinghua Intravenous injection
Pan 2000 Xiaoer RiganlingKoufuye:Gegen,Taurine (Taurine is not
a herb)
Oral administration
Song 2004a TCM cream Xiaoer Tuiresan: Mahuan 100 g, Jinyinhua
200 g, Shandougen 100 g, Xixin 10 g, Bohe 100 g, Bingpian
80 g, Gancao 60 g, grind themto be very fine powder
and mix them. Take 3 to 10 g preparation with the correct
amount of vinegar tomake a creamand smear on a plastic
membrane.
Apply to the skin
Wang 1998 Jianerqinjieye: Jinyinhua, Hangjuhua, Lianqiao, Kuxinren,
Shanzha, Chenpi
Oral administration
Wang 2004 Sufeng Ganmao Koufuye: Zisuye, Qianghuo, Jinjie,
Guanghexiang, Fangfeng, Qianhu, Fuping, Fulinpi
Oral administration
Wang 2008a Yiqing Shuangjie capsule and tablet: Huangqin, Chaihu,
Rengong Niuhuang
Oral administration
Yang 2000 Huanghu Bag Tea: Huangqin, Lianqiao, Huzhang,
Shanzhima, Jinyinhua, Qinhao, Chaihu
Oral administration
Yu 1997 Chaiqin Qingre enema lavage solution: Chaihu,
Huangqin, Xixin
Oral administration
Zhang 2001 Rebining: no other information was provided
Zhang 2008 Qingyin injection: Huangqin, Yinhua Intravenous injection
Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 6
Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
Table 2. Chinese herbs in different languages
Pingying name Latin name English name
Huangqin Radix Scutellariae Baical Skullcap root
Lianqiao Fructus Forsythiae Weeping Forsythia capsule
Huzhang Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati Giant Knotweed rhizome
Shanzhima Radix Helicteris Narrowleaf Screwtree root
Jinyinhua Flos Lonicerae Honeysuckle flower
Qinhao Herba Artemisiae SweetWormwood herb
Chaihu Radix Bupleuri Chinese Thorowax root /Red Thorowax root
Xixin Herba Asari Manchurian Wildginger
Gegen Radix Puerariae Kudzuvine root
Huanglian Rhizoma Coptidis Colden thread
Zhigancao Radix Glycyrrhizae Liquorice root
Hangjuhua Flos Chrysanthemi Chrysanthemun flower
Kuxinren Semen Armeniacae Amarum Apricot kernel
Shanzha Fructus Crataegi Hawthorn fruit
Chenpi Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Dried Tangerine peel
Niuhuang Calculus Bovis Bezoar
Shuiniujiao Cornu Bubali Buffalo horn
Zhenzhumu Concha Margaritifera Usta Nacre
Zhizi Fructus Gardeniae Cape Jasmine fruit
Banlangen Radix Isatidis Isatis root
Shigao Gypsum Fibrosum Gypsum
Sangye Folium Mori Mulberry leaf
Yejuhua Flos Chrysanthemi Indici Wild Chrysanthemum
Yuxingcao Herba Houttuyniae Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb
Boheyou Herba Menthae oil Peppermint oil
Sisuye Folium Perillae Perilla leaf
Qianghuo Rhizoma Notopterygii Incised Notopterygium rhizome/Forbes Notopterygium rhizome
Jinjie Herba Schizonepetae Fineleaf Schizonepeta herb
Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 7
Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
Table 2. Chinese herbs in different languages (Continued)
Guanghexiang Herba Pogostemonis Cablin Potchouli herb
Fangfeng Radix Saposhnikoviae Divaricate Saposhnikovia root
Qianhu Radix Peucedani Whiteflower Hogfennel root/Common Hongfennel root
Fuping Herba Spirodelae Common Ducksmeat herb
Fulinpi Poria skin Indian Buead skin
Jinlianhua Flos Trollii Chinese Globeflower flower
Daqingye Folium Isatidis Indigowoad leaf
Shenshigao Gypsum Fibrosum Gypsum
Zhimu Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Common Anemarrhena rhizome
Shendi Radix Rehmanniae Rehmannia root
Xuanshen Radix Scrophulariae Figwort root
Kuxingren Semen Armeniacae Amarum Bitter Apricot Seed
Yujin Radix Curcumae Turmeric root-tuber
Mahuang Herba Ephedrae Ephedra herb
Shandougen Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis Vietnamese Sophora root
Bohe Herba Menthae Peppermint
Bingpian Borneolum Borneol
Gancao Radix Glycyrrhizae Liquoric root
Shichangpu Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii Grassleaf Sweelflag rhizome
Chuanxinlian Herba Andrographis Common Andrographis herb
We performed an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis on three trials
(Chang 2005; Chang 2007; Wang 2008a). We performed perprotocol
analyses on the other studies. We reported the number
lost to follow up in the notes column of the ’Characteristics of
included studies’ table.
Assessment of risk of bias in included studies
We assessed the risk of bias of each trial in terms of generation
of allocation sequence, allocation concealment, blinding, uncompleted
data and selective reporting; and classified themas ’lowrisk’,
’moderate risk’, or ’high risk’ according to the guidelines of the
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.0.0 (
Higgins 2008) and as described in Wu 2007a. There was no disagreement
in this process.
Sequence generation
An adequate approach for generating allocation sequence with a
low risk of selection bias should be by using a random numbers table
or computer software, or other simple randomisationmethods,
for example, coin tossing or card shuffling. We considered a trial
which only mentions ’random’ but does not include a description
of the approach used as a moderate risk of selection bias.
Allocation sequence concealment
Low risk of selection bias: adequate measures to conceal allocation
sequence is defined as the person who generates an allocation
sequence not recruiting the participants, for example, by central
randomisation. Examples of concealing allocation sequences are
using sealed opaque envelopes or storing allocation sequences in
a locked computer.
Moderate risk of selection bias: where concealment of the allocation
sequence is mentioned but the approach used is not reported.
Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 8
Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
High risk of selection bias: allocation concealment is reported
inadequately, or is not performed at all.
Level of blinding
Masking of both the participants and results assessor was considered
as a low risk of performance or/and detection bias.
Single blinding of the results assessor was considered as amoderate
risk of performance or/and detection bias. If single blinding was
performed on the participants but not the results assessor, it was
considered as a high risk of detection bias.
Non-blinding for detection of outcomes includes quality of life
(QoL); adverse events were considered as a high risk of detection
bias. Blinding was not considered necessary for reporting mortality.
Incomplete outcome data: assessment for potential bias of
exclusions and attrition
Low risk of bias: trials where few exclusions and attrition are noted
and an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis is possible.
Moderate risk of bias: trials which report the rate of exclusions
or/and attrition to be about 10%, whatever ITT analysis is used.
High risk of bias: the rate of exclusion or/and attrition is higher
than 15%, or there are wide differences in exclusions between
groups, whatever ITT analysis is used.
Measures of treatment effect
We analysed the data using Review Manager 5 (RevMan 2008).
We compared outcome measures for binary data using risk ratios.
For continuous data, we used the mean difference.We conducted
a pooled analysis for two trials only (Chang 2002; Yu 2005).
Assessment of heterogeneity
We assessed heterogeneity by using the Chi2 test with a 10% level
of statistical significance and by using the I2 statistic to estimate
the total variation across studies that was due to heterogeneity
rather than chance. Less than 25% was considered as low level
heterogeneity; 25% to 50% was considered as a moderate level;
and higher than 50% as a high level of heterogeneity (Higgins
2002).
Assessment of reporting biases
No - low risk of reporting bias: all outcomes are reported in detail.
Probably yes - moderate risk of reporting bias: at least one of the
outcomes are mentioned, but not in detail.
Yes - high risk of reporting bias: at least one of the outcomes are
not reported.
Data synthesis
We used the random-effectsmodel for a pooled analysis of the two
studies (Chang 2002; Yu 2005) as most of the studies had a high
level of heterogeneity. We did not perform a pooled analysis for
the other trials due to unknown formulations used in these trials.
We listed non-randomised controlled studies and the reasons of
exclusion in the ’Characteristics of excluded studies’ table, but did
not discuss them further.
R E S U L T S
Description of studies
See:Characteristics of included studies;Characteristics of excluded
studies; Characteristics of studies awaiting classification.
Results of the search
A total of 430 trials that claimed to be randomised were retrieved.
We successfully contacted 365 trial authors by telephone.Of these
trials, 302 were excluded, either because the trial authors misunderstood
true random allocation or the trial reports were multiple
versions of same study (see the ’Characteristics of excluded studies’
table), of those, 67 were additional studies later excluded in this
updated version of review.
One hundred and nine are listed in the ’Studies awaiting classification’
section. One of these studies, for example, assessed an
intervention containing ’Yuxincao’, a drug which the State Food
and Drug Administration (SFDA) stopped production of, due to
unclear adverse events. Other trials are allocated to this section
as we could not locate the original trial authors to identify the
randomisation method.
Seventeen studies were identified as true RCTs and fulfilled our
inclusion criteria (Chang 2002; Chang 2005; Chang 2007; Chen
2004; Li 1998; Li 1999a; Liu 2002; Ma 2000; Pan 2000; Song
2004a; Wang 1998; Wang 2004; Wang 2008a; Yang 2000; Yu
1997; Yu 2005; Zhang 2008), of those, three (Chang 2007;Wang
2008a; Zhang 2008) were additional trials later included in this
updated version of review.
Included studies
All 17 included trials used a parallel group design. Four trials (
Chang 2007; Li 1999a; Wang 2008a; Zhang 2008) were multicentre
trials.
A total of 3212 participants were included in the 17 trials, with
numbers of participants in each trial varying from58 to 463. Only
three trials (Chang 2005; Chang 2007; Wang 2008a) mentioned
that the sample size was calculated according to the SFDA’s regulation
about sample size of non-inferiority test studies (that a total
number of 200 participants be included); extra participants were
also included in these trials to avoid possible attrition bias.
Nine trials included children aged from six months to 14 years (
Chen 2004; Li 1998; Liu 2002;Ma 2000; Pan 2000; Song 2004a;
Wang 1998; Yang 2000; Yu 1997). Eight trials included adults
Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 9
Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
aged from 18 to 65 or 72 years old (Chang 2002; Chang 2005;
Chang 2007; Li 1999a;Wang 2004;Wang 2008a; Yu 2005;Zhang
2008).
Eleven trials included participants according to TCM signs. Nine
trials (Chang 2005; Chang 2007; Chen 2004; Li 1998; Li 1999a;
Ma 2000; Wang 2008a; Yang 2000; Zhang 2008) included patients
with “fever cold”. One trial (Yu 1997) included both “fever
cold” and “chills cold” patients. Three trials (Chang 2002; Wang
2004; Yu 2005) included “chills cold”.Two trials (Pan 2000;Wang
1998) did not sort the patients by TCM signs.
Two trials (Chang 2002; Yu 2005) compared the Chinese herbs
Sanhan Jiere Koufuye and (Fenghan) Biaoshi Ganmao Chongji.
Other trials used different interventions and comparators. These
are listed below:
Yu 1997 comparedCaichenQinreWeixinGuanchangji
with virazole and acetaminophen.
Li 1998 compared Qinwen Keli granule with Kangbingdu
Koufuye.
Wang 1998 compared JianerQinjie YewithQinre Jiedu
Koufuye.
Li 1999a compared Qinkailing injection with Lincomycine.
Ma 2000 compared Shuanghua Penhuji with
Shuanghuanglian Qiwuji.
Pan 2000 compared Xiaoer Reganning with Vitamin C
Yinqiao Chongji.
Yang 2000 compared Huanghu Jiere Daipaoji with
Shiqi Ganmao Daipaoji.
Liu 2002 compared Kangbingdupian with Banlangen
Chongji.
Chen 2004 comparedGegenCenlianweiWanwith Yinqiao
Jiedupian.
Song 2004a compared self-prepared TCM cream with
penicillin or lincomycin.
Wang 2004 compared Sufeng Ganmao Koufuye with
Ganmao Qinre Koufuye.
Chang 2005 compared Jinlian Qinre capsules with Jinlian
Qinre granules; that is the same ingredients in two
different forms. The principle of selecting the control
drug was that its “effect was commonly recognised”. A
double-dummy placebo was used in both arms.
Chang 2007 compared ChaigeQingre granule with Fufang
Shuanghua granule.
Wang 2008a used a double-dummy placebo in both
arms, and compared Yiqing Shuangjie granule and
Chaihuang tablet placebo with Chaihuang tablet, and
compared Yiqing Shuangjie tablet and Caihuang tablet
placebo with Chaihuang tablet.
Zhang 2008 comparedQingyin injectionwithQinkailing
injection
Recovery (expressed as a dichotomous event)was used as a primary
outcome in all trials, except for Pan 2000 and Zhang 2008. Inefficacy
was reported in 15 trials. Fever clearance time was reported in
six trials (Chang 2002; Chang 2005; Li 1998;Wang 1998;Wang
2008a; Yu 1997). The time point at which the temperature started
to abate was reported in four trials (Chang 2005; Li 1998; Wang
1998; Wang 2008a). Six trials (Chang 2002; Chang 2005; Chen
2004; Li 1999a;Wang 2008a; Yu 1997) compared the prevalence
of viral respiratory tract infection by a throat swab culture. Five
trials reported that liver and kidney function tests were carried
out to look for side effects or adverse events (Chang 2002; Chang
2005; Chang 2007; Wang 2008a; Zhang 2008).
Eight trials (Chang 2002; Chang 2005; Chang 2007; Chen
2004; Song 2004a;Wang 2004;Wang 2008a; Yu 2005) evaluated
changes of TCM signs, which included “e feng han” (fear of wind
and cold); “fa re” (fever); “bi sai liu ti” (snuffles and runny nose);
examination of the colour and surface of the tongue; and “mai
methods of double blinding. Other trials did not mention how
they used blinding.
Follow up and exclusions
Assessment for potential bias exclusions and attrition
Six trials (Chang 2002; Chang 2005; Chang 2007; Wang 2004;
Wang 2008a; Zhang 2008) reported a loss of participants for the
above listed reasons.Three trials (Chang 2005;Chang 2007;Wang
2008a) used both ITT and per-protocol analysis, and two trials (
Chang 2002; Wang 2004) used per-protocol analysis only.
Selective reporting
Assessment for reporting bias
Selective reporting was not identified in the trials.
Effects of interventions
We performed a pooling analysis on two trials only (Chang 2002;
Yu 2005) due to heterogeneity in the interventions and controls.
1. Recovery
Trials showing statistically significant differences between
the intervention and comparison
Six trials reported that the intervention group had a statistically
significant better recovery than the control group. Of these, three
studied children (Li 1998; Ma 2000; Song 2004a) and the other
three studied adults (Li 1999a; Wang 2004; Wang 2008a) with
the common cold. The results are shown below:
1. Qinwen Keli granule was more effective than Kangbingdu
Koufuye (risk ratio (RR) 2.19, 95% confidence
interval (CI) 1.61 to 2.96) (Li 1998);
2. Shuanghua Penhuji was more effective
than Shuanghuanglian Qiwuji (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.11
to 1.97) (Ma 2000);
3. TCM cream was more effective than penicillin (RR
2.10, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.67) (Song 2004a);
4. Sufeng Ganmao Koufuye was more effective than Ganmao
Qinre Koufuye (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.99) (
Wang 2004);
5. Qinkailing injection was more effective than lincomycin
in three doses, respectively (120 ml/day RR
1.41, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.86; 160 ml/day RR 1.41, 95%
CI 1.08 to 1.86; and 200 ml RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.15 to
2.00) (Li 1999a);
6. YiQing ShuanJie capsule and YiQing ShuanJie tablet
was more effective than Chaihuang tablet respectively
(YiQing ShuanJie capsule RR 1.59, 95% CI 1.08 to
2.33, and YiQing ShuanJie tablet RR 1.67, 95% CI
1.14 to 2.43) (Wang 2008a).
Trials showing no statistically significant differences between
the intervention and comparison
Another eight trials showed no statistically significant differences
in duration of symptoms between the intervention and control
groups. Of these, four studied adults (Chang 2002; Chang 2005;
Chang 2007; Yu 2005) and the others studied children (Chen
2004; Wang 1998; Yang 2000; Yu 1997).
1. Jinlian Qinre capsule versus Jinlian Qinre granule (RR
0.97, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.62) (Chang 2005);
2. Sanhan Jiere Koufuye versus (Fenghan) Biaoshi Ganmao
Chongji (combined RR 1.51, 95% CI 0.79 to
2.90) (Chang 2002; Yu 2005). A sensitivity analysis was
performed by deselecting the study by Yu 2005 which
had been conducted in same hospital as the preparation
provider showed that it had a similar result (RR 1.20,
95% CI 0.85 to 1.69);
3. Gegen Cenlianwei Wan versus Yinqiao Jiedupian (RR
1.17, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.73) (Chen 2004);
4. Jianer Qinjieye versus Qinre Jiedu Koufuye (RR 1.45,
95% CI 0.99 to 2.13) (Wang 1998);
5. Huanghu Jiere Daipaoji versus Shiqi Ganmao Daipaoji
(RR 3.62, 95% CI 0.88 to 14.91) (Yang 2000);
6. Caichen Qinre Weixin Guanchangji with virazole and
acetaminophen (RR 1.40, 95% CI 0.71 to 2.74) (Yu
1997).
7. A phase II and phase III trial by the same study
team compared Chaige Qingre granule versus Fufang
Shuanghua capsule, respectively. The combined results
of these two studies showed there was no statistically
significant difference between the two drugs (RR 1.05,
95% CI 0.75 to 1.48) (Chang 2007).
2. Improvement
The Pan 2000 study showed a statistically significant improvement
in the severity of symptoms when using the intervention
Xiaoer Reganning, compared to vitamin C (Yinqiao Chongji), for
children with the common cold (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.35).
In this trial, the definition of ’improvement’ included both shortening
of the duration of symptoms and lessening of the severity
of symptoms. The other 14 trials and two combined trials showed
no differences between the two groups on lessening of severity of
symptoms.
Seven trials showed that the number of inefficacies in the intervention
group was statistically significantly less than the control
group. Of these, one trial (Wang 2004) included adults and the
other trials included children:
Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 11
Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
1. Qinwen Keli granule was more effective than Kangbingdu
Koufuye (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.90) (Li
1998);
2. Kangbingdupian was more effective than Banlangen
Chongji (RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.87) (Liu 2002);
3. Shuanghua Penhuji was more effective
than Shuanghuanglian Qiwuji (RR 0.16, 95% CI 0.03
to 0.87) (Ma 2000);
4. Jianer Qinjieye was more effective than Qinre Jiedu
Koufuye (RR0.12, 95%CI 0.02 to 0.91) (Wang 1998);
5. Sufeng Ganmao Koufuye was more effective than Ganmao
Qinre Koufuye (RR 0.16, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.38) (
Wang 2004);
6. Huanghu Jiere Daipaoji was more effective than Shiqi
Ganmao Daipaoji (RR 0.10, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.85) (
Yang 2000).
7. The Yiqing Shuanjie capsule and Yiqing Shuanjie tablet
have a similar effect toChaihuang tablet (RR 0.94, 95%
CI 0.71 to 1.25, and RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.21,
respectively) (Wang 2008a).
3. Partial improvement
Five trials showed that partial improvement in the intervention
group was statistically higher than the control group.Of these, one
trial (Wang 2004) included adults and the remaining four trials
included children with the common cold.
1. Qinwen Keli granule was more effective than Kangbingdu
Koufuye (RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.11) (Li
1998);
2. Xiaoer Reganning was more effective than vitamin C
Yinqiao Chongji (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.50) (Pan
2000);
3. Jianer Qinjieye was more effective than Qinre Jiedu
Koufuye (RR1.32, 95%CI 1.05 to 1.65) (Wang 1998);
4. Sufeng Ganmao Koufuye was more effective than Ganmao
Qinre Koufuye (RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.60) (
Wang 2004).
Seven trials and a combined analysis of two trials and showed
no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Of
these, three trials included adults (Chang 2002; Chang 2005; Yu
2005) and the other five trials included children with the common
cold.
1. Sanhan Jiere Koufuye versus (Fenghan) Biaoshi Ganmao
Chongji (combined RR 1.04 95% CI 0.92 to
1.16) (Chang 2002; Yu 2005). A sensitivity analysis was
performed by deselecting the trial by Yu 2005 which
was conducted in the same hospital as the preparation
provider, and had a same result (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.94
to 1.09).
2. Jinlian Qinre capsules had the same efficacy as Jinlian
Qinre granules (RR 1.00, 95%CI 0.95 to 1.06) (Chang
2005);
3. Gegen Cenlianwei Wan had the same efficacy as Yinqiao
Jiedupian (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.43) (Chen
2004);
4. Shuanghua Penhuji had the same efficacy as
Shuanghuanglian Qiwuji (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.99 to
1.12) (Ma 2000);
5. Huanghu Jiere Daipaoji had the same efficacy as Shiqi
Ganmao Daipaoji (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.35) (
Yang 2000);
6. Caichen Qinre Weixin Guanchangji had the same efficacy
as virazole and acetaminophen (RR 1.13, 95% CI
0.91 to 1.39) (Yu 1997).
4. No improvement
Nine trials showed no statistically significant differences in outcomes
between the intervention and control groups. Of these,
three trials (Chang 2007; Chang 2005; Li 1999a) included adults
and the other trials included children.
1. Sanhan Jiere Koufuye had the same efficacy as (Fenghan)
Biaoshi Ganmao Chongji (combined RR 0.49,
95% CI 0.14 to 1.73) (Chang 2002; Yu 2005). A sensitivity
analysiswas performed by deselecting the Yu 2005
trial, which had been conducted in the same hospital
as the preparation provider and showed a similar result
(RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.06 to 7.09).
2. Chaige Qingre granule had the same efficacy as Fufang
Shuanghua capsule in the phase II (RR 2.00, 95% CI
0.19 to 20.86) (Chang 2007);
3. Chaige Qingre granule had the same efficacy as Fufang
Shuanghua capsule in the phase III (RR 1.07, 95% CI
0.23 to 4.97) (Chang 2007);
4. Jinlian Qinre capsule had the same efficacy as Jinlian
Qinre granule (RR 0.69, 95%CI 0.23 to
5. Duration of fever
Five trials reported no difference in the duration of fever between
the intervention and control groups. Two of these trials reported
no difference in the number of participants whose temperatures
were normalised within 24 hours (Chang 2002), 48 hours and 72
hours (Yu 1997): Sanhan Jiere Koufuye versus (Fenghan) Biaoshi
Ganmao Chongji (RR 1.02 95% CI 0.85 to 1.22) (Chang 2002);
and Caichen Qinre Weixin Guanchangji versus virazole and acetaminophen
(RR 1.46, 95% CI 0.89 to 2.40, and RR 0.33, 95%
CI 0.11 to 0.99, respectively) (Yu 1997).
Likewise, another three trials (Chang 2002; Chang 2005; Wang
2008a) showed no difference in duration of fever between the two
groups (WMD -0.29 hours, 95% CI -2.26 to 1.68, WMD -3.91
hours, 95%CI -8.24 to 0.42,WMD 4.20 hours, 95%CI -1.41 to
9.81 and WMD 3.62 hours, 95% CI -2.74 to 9.98, respectively).
Three trials (Chang 2005; Li 1998; Wang 1998) reported a statistically
significantly shorter duration of fever in the treatment
group compared to the control group 2.02, 6.90 and 5.70 hours,
respectively (WMD -2.02, 95% CI -3.86 to -0.18; WMD -6.90,
95% CI -9.94 to -3.86, and WMD -5.70, 95% CI -10.09 to -
1.31, respectively). One study (Li 1998) showed that in the treatment
group the average duration of fever was longer than control
group by 11.60 hours (WMD -11.60, 95% CI -15.65 to -7.55).
Another trial (Wang 2008a) showed no statistically significant differences
in the time to resolution of fever in the treatment group
A and B as compared to the control group (WMD -2.06 hours,
95% CI -5.02 to 0.90, and WMD -1.44 hours, 95% CI -4.70 to
1.82).
6. Adverse events
None of the trials reported any adverse events, according to our
definitions.
7. Additional outcomes
Seven trials (Chang 2002; Chang 2005; Chang 2007; Chen 2004;
Wang 2004; Wang 2008a; Yu 2005) reported effects on TCM
signs. We only analysed data in two studies (Chang 2005; Chen
2004). There were no statistically significant differences between
the two groups in these trials.
D I S C U S S I O N
Summary of main results
Studies of Chinese herbal medicines for the common cold lack
sufficient power to provide reliable estimates of their efficacy, due
to poor study design and methodological quality.
Although Chinese herbal medicines as a treatment for the common
cold and the methods of manufacturing these medicines are
widely accepted in China, most of the constituents of the pharmacologically
prepared drugs used in trials cannot be specified.
This is in marked contrast to the pharmacological agents used
in Western medicine, for which the chemical constituents, their
quantities and the percentage of any impurities or contaminants
are precisely known. In addition, the variation between different
production batches of Western medicines is kept within specified
limits. In contrast, variation between formulations and batches
of pharmacological agents are inevitable in traditional Chinese
medicine (TCM), although the Chinese Government specifies the
acceptable limits of variation. This variation is a factor that may
contribute to any heterogeneity between different study results.
A large number of the trials initially identified claimed to be randomised
controlled trials (RCTs). However, after contacting the
trial authors to request information regarding the method of randomisation
used, we found that more than 95% of the authors
misunderstood the concept of randomisation. In addition to this,
some of the studies were conducted several years ago, and the trial
authors may have forgotten the details of the methodology they
employed. This could lead to a memory bias and undermine the
veracity of information.
Some studies (Chang 2002; Li 1998; Li 1999a; Ma 2000; Wang
2004; Yang 2000; Yu 1997) used unequal arms in their design.
Of these studies, Yu 1997 used a proportion of 3:1, and only 15
patients were included in the control group (43:15). However,
consideration of the sample sizes was not reported in these trials,
which makes it difficult to detect the differences between the two
groups accurately. This may lead to a low test power.
Finally, we considered it pertinent to attempt to compare selected
TCMsigns in different groups of participants. TCMsigns are difficult
to quantify because they use subjective outcomes. For example,
’wu han’ means that the participant feels cold whilst also
having a fever, and this can be divided into low, medium and high
categories, depending on the participants’ subjective view. ’Mai xiang’measures
the pulse; in TCMit is a complex and difficult technique
to judge this accurately and often dependent upon on the
physician’s experience.TCMresearchers and physicians should decide
upon an accurate and consistent method of measuring TCM
signs.
Quality of the evidence
None of the trials included in this review used a placebo as a control:
instead “positive effect drugs” were selected. Two studies (
Chang 2005; Chang 2007) mentioned that the rule of selecting
the control drug was that “the effect was generally acknowledged”.
This may result in false positive findings, as a number of interventions
are considered effective for the common cold, particularly if
trial conductors know that a “positive” drug was used in the trial
and the purpose of the study was to demonstrate the same effect
as the control (so called “equal effect test”). For example, Chang
2005 compared two different forms of the same ingredient. In this
Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 13
Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
case, “double blinding” would not be a valid term. This may result
in false positive findings: if the trialist knows that a “positive” drug
was used and the study was an “equal effect test” study, there is
a potential risk that the outcome detectors will give same results
for the two groups. For example, the purpose of Chang 2005 was
to compare two different forms of the same drug; one was in a
granule form and the other was in a capsule form and the trialists
were aware of this. Therefore, there was a possibility that the
results were not scrutinised carefully - particularly the subjective
outcomes. In this case “double blinding” does not have any value.
We found that three trials claimed to have used ’double blinding’ (
Chang 2005; Chang 2007; Yang 2000) and one used ’single blinding’
(Chen 2004). These studies found a similar recovery rate as
the “positive” control. Two of the ’double blinding’ studies (Wang
2004; Wang 2008a) found the recovery rate in the intervention
group to be higher than the control group by almost 50% (Wang
2004 RR 1.43; Wang 2008a RR 1.59 and RR 1.67). However,
Wang 2004 lacked a description of how to verify the success of the
blinding. Another trial (Pan 2000) found the marked improvement
rate in the intervention group to be higher than the control
group (RR 1.69). For a disease like the common cold, which can
go into spontaneous remission within one week, it is very difficult
to find that the effect of a new drug is better than the “positive
effect” of the control drugs.We have to point out that the possible
reason that the relative risk is so high is that a high risk of selection
bias, detection bias or both may have existed in the studies where
the effects were similar or higher than “positive effect” controls.
Many trials incorrectly used drugs whose effects have not been
demonstrated as a control. Thus it is difficult to determine the
efficacy of the intervention by comparison.Where the intervention
is equal in efficacy to the control, no conclusion can be made.
For example, the average rate of recovery from the common cold
was the same for those participants taking Jinlian Qinre capsules
(intervention) and JinlianQinre granules (control) (Chang 2005).
Since there is no evidence assessing the efficacy of Jinlian Qinre
granules, we therefore cannot determine the efficacy of Jinlian
Qinre capsules.
Potential biases in the review process
We found the formulations of interventions in five studies (Ma
2000; Pan 2000; Yang 2000; Yu 1997; Yu 2005) were prepared
by either the trial authors or colleagues in their ho
继续贴。
R E F E R E N C E S
References to studies included in this review
Chang 2002 {published data only}
Chang J, Chen GY, Zhang RM, Mao B, Xia Q, Li YQ. Shan Han
Jie Re oral decoction versus Biao Shi Gan Mao decoction in the
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Chang 2005 {published data only}
Chang J, Li TQ, Wan MH, Zhang RM, Zhang Y, Wang L, et al.A
double-blind randomized controlled trial of jinlianqingre capsule
in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection (external
wind-heat syndrome). Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine
2005;5(8):593–8.
Chang 2007 {published data only}
Chang J, Zhang Y, Mao B, Wang L, Li TQ, Zhang RM. A doubleblind,
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Chen 2004 {published data only}
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Li 1998 {published data only}
Li ZH, Zhang GC, Wang SC, Zhang H, Cheng SQ. Evaluation for
clinical effect of QingWen granule in the treatment of children with
wind heat cold. Di Si Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao [Journal of Fourth
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Li 1999a {published data only}
Li CS, Wang XS, Chen SM, Yuan CQ, Li J, Wang XM, et al.A
clinical study for Qing Kai Lin injection in the treatment of acute
upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za
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Liu 2002 {published data only}
Liu D, Lv J, Yang QH. The observation of antivirus pill for treating
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Ma 2000 {published data only}
Ma BX, Duan XY, Wang ZC, Zhai WS, Wang YH, Ma YH, et
al.Clinical and experimental study on Shuang Hua aerosol in the
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Pan 2000 {published data only}
Pan HP, Jin SH, Wu CL, Du H. Clinical study of Xiao Er Re Gan
Ning oral decoction in the treatment of children with acute upper
respiratory infection. Yi XueWen Xuan [Anthology ofMedicine] 2000;
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Song 2004a {published data only}
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by Chinese herb in the treatment of children with upper respiratory
tract infection with fever. Zhong Yi Wai Zhi Za Zhi [Journal of
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Wang 1998 {published data only}
Wang BL, LiuZJ, Fan YC. Jian Er Qing Jie decoction in the treatment
of 31 children with upper respiratory infection. Zhong Guo Xin Yao
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Wang 2004 {published data only}
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Wang L, Zhang RM, Zhao YL, Feng GX, Pan DJ, Huang XY, et al.A
multiple center, randomized, controlled, double-blinded and doubledummy
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Pao Ji in the treatment of 60 children with acute upper respiratory
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Yu J, Shi SM, Wang YH. The research of Chai Qin Qing Re mini
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60 cold with high fever (wind cold syndrome). Zhong Guo Zhong
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upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za
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BaoQW. Effective observation on treating infantile upper respiratory
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Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 15
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Bao 2001 {published data only}
Bao LQ. Clinical observation of Yujin injection in treating 68 cases
with upper respiratory tract infection. Yao Xue Shi Jian Za Zhi [The
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Bao 2003 {published data only}
Bao ZM. Qingkaining injection in treating 40 cases with virus upper
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Cai JN, Zhao XD. Ganmaoling spray in treating 46 cases with upper
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Cao 1994 {published data only}
Cao LH, Li HR. Taurine for treating upper respiratory infection of
150 children. Zhong Guo Xin Yao Yu Lin Chuang Za Zhi [New Drugs
and Clinical Remedies] 1994;13(4):237–8.
Cao 1998 {published data only}
Cao YL. Clinical observation on Qingkailing in treating acute upper
respiratory tract infection. Shanghai Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi [Shanghai
Journal of Preventive Medicine] 1998;10(1):48.
Cao 2003 {published data only}
Cao SQ. Ciluofangxue for treating 40 upper respiratory infection
with fever. Hebei Zhong Yi [Hebei Journal of Traditional Chinese
Medicine] 2004;26(3):205.
Chen 1994 {published data only}
Chen BY, Yin XZ,Hu SY, Qiao WP, Liu H. The clinical observation
of Shu Re Ning for treating 169 summer cold with fever. Zhong Guo
Zhong Yi Ji Zheng [Journal of Emergency TraditionalChineseMedicine]
1994;3(5):215.
Chen 1995 {published data only}
Chen QL, Yan ZL, Wang ZQ. Observation of effect of oral Chuan
xin lian in treating acute upper respiratory tract infection (104 cases).
Henan Zhen Du Yu Zhi Liao Za Zhi [Henan Journal of Diagnosis and
Therapy] 1995;9(3):171.
Chen 1997 {published data only}
Chen Q,Wang SF. Effective observation on shuang Huanglian powder
injection in treating children upper respiratory tract infection.
Jiangxi Zhong Yi Yao [Jiangxi Journal of Traditional ChineseMedicine]
1997;28(1):35.
Chen 2001 {published data only}
Chen TJ. Zhubohouzao in preventing and treating 60 cases with
repeat upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Xiang Chun Yi
Yao Za Zhi 2001;8(11):26.
Chen 2004a {published data only}
Chen ZH. Qingkailing injection in treating 50 cases with upper
respiratory tract infection with fever. Jilin Zhong Yi Yao [Journal of
Traditional Chi
Guo Xian Dai Yao Wu Ying Yong [Chinese Journal of Modern Drug
Application] 2008;2(11):101.
Cheng 1997 {published data only}
ChengCF,Tan SE,WangXK,Xi SB,ZhangDG,He ST.Observation
for effects of Xiong Dan Fen Niu Huang Wan in the treatment of
acute upper respiratory tract infection in 30 cases. Hunan Zhong Yi
Za Zhi [Hunan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 1997;13(5):
8,37.
Cheng 1999 {published data only}
Cheng CX, Zhang LY,Niu XF, Zhang JH.Huangzi flower oral liquid
in treating 120 children with acute upper respiratory tract infection.
Beijing Zhong Yi Yao Da Xue Xue Bao [Journal of Beijing University of
Traditional Chinese Medicine] 1999;22(3):75–6.
Cong 2005 {published data only}
Cong LP, Liu B. Result observation of treating urgent fore respiratory
tract infection with Yanhuning injection. Zhong Hua Shi Yong Zhong
Xi Yi Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of the Practical Chinese with Modern
Medicine] 2005;18(15):503.
Cui 2007 {published data only}
Cui H, Yang XZ. Tuire Mixture in treating 82 children with acute
upper respiratory tract infection with fever. Zhong Guo Zhong Yi Yao
Xin Xi Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Information on Traditional Chinese
Medicine] 2007;14(3):60.
Dai 1997 {published data only}
Dai QL, Dai Q, Hua J, Song WW, Chen FX, Chen RY. Clinical
effect of bine tea granule in treating 118 children with acute upper
respiratory tract infection. Hai Xia Yao Xue [Strait Pharmaceutical
Journal] 1997;9(1):122–3.
Dai 2001 {published data only}
Dai YH, Fan L, Wu YL. Clinical observation on Eshu oil and glucose
injection in treating 85 cases with acute upper respiratory tract
infection. Guangdong Yao Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Academic Journal of
Guangdong College of Pharmacy] 2001;17(3):225–7.
Deng 2001 {published data only}
Deng XZ, Lin SH. Shuang Huanglian combined with antibiotic in
treating upper respiratory tract infection. Hai Xia Yao Xue [Strait
Pharmaceutical Journal] 2001;13(1):59.
Deng 2002a {published data only}
Deng LP, Wang LB. Chuanhuning in treating 210 cases with upper
respiratory tract infection. Xinjiang Zhong Yi Yao [Xinjiang Journal
of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2002;20(1):22.
Deng 2002b {published data only}
Deng WG, Li Y, Luo FK, Chen XY, Huang ZX, Liang XL, et
al.Comparative observations on efficacy of Chuanhuning injection
and Ribavirin in treating acute upper respiratory tract infection.
Lingnan Jin Zhen Yi Xue Za Zhi [Lingnan Journal of Emergency
Medicine] 2002;7(2):101–2.
Deng 2007 {published data only}
Deng C. Yanhuning injection in treating 200 children with acute upper
respiratory tract infection. Shi Yong Lin Chuang Yi Xue [Practical
Clinical Medicine] 2007;8(10):82–9.
Di 2004 {published data only}
Di SX, Din H, Zhu QL. Observation of effect of mountain plum
leaf granule in treating childhood upper respiratory tract infection.
Yao Pin Ping Jia [Drug Evaluation] 2004;1(3):224.
Diao 2003 {published data only}
Diao RZ, Xi ZQ. Brief summary for a clinical trial of YinHua Jie Du
granule in the treatment of upper respiratory infection with windheat
syndrome. Shandong Zhong Yi Yao Da Xue Xue Bao [Journal
of Shangdong University of Traditional ChineseMedicine] 2003;27(2):
127–9.
Dong 2002 {published data only}
Dong BG, Fang YJ. Effective observation on Jianer Qingjie liquid in
treating 142 cases with childhood upper respiratory tract infection.
Zhong Hua Yi Xue Zong Kan Za Zhi [ChinaMedicine Bulletin] 2002;
2(10):57.
Du 2003 {published data only}
Du HJ, Yu ZX. Xiyanping in treating 40 cases with upper respiratory
tract infection. Shi Yong Zhen Duan Yu Zhi Liao Za Zhi [Journal of
Practical Diagnosis and Therapy] 2003;17(6):486.
Duan 1995 {published data only}
Duan XM, Ning GJ, Liu JJ, Yu L. Observation of effect of Shuang
huang lian powder in treating childhood virus upper respiratory tract
infection. Heilongjiang Yi Xue [Heilongjiang Medical Journal] 1995;
10:40.
Duan 2007 {published data only}
Duan LY,Ma YL. Clinical application Qingkailing powder injection
by spray inhalation in treating upper respiratory tract infection. Xian
Dai Yi Yao Wei Sheng [Modern Medicine & Health] 2007;23(10):
1529–30.
Fan 2007 {published data only}
Fan YJ. Effective observation on Jianer Qingjieye in treating children
with upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Yi Yao Dao Bao
[China Medical Herald] 2007;4(34):63.
Fu 2002 {published data only}
Fu PX. IntegratedChinesemedicine and westernmedicine in treating
69 children with upper respiratory tract infection. Fujian Zhong Yi
Yao [Fujian Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2002;33(4):31.
Gan 2000 {published data only}
Gan XY, Chi X. Controlled study of Yuxin grass injection pulverization
in-breath in treating childhood upper respiratory tract infection.
Yichun Yi Zhuan Xue Bao [Journal of Yichun Medical College] 2000;
12(3):206.
Gao 1999a {published data only}
Gao HL. Xiaoer Resuqing in the treatment of 112 children with
upper respiratory tract infection with high fever. Zhong Guo Zhong
Yi Yao Xin Xi Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Information on Traditional
Chinese Medicine] 1999;6(1):52.
Gao 1999b {published data only}
Gao QF. Shuang Huanglian oral liquid in treating 60 children with
upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Ji Ceng Yi Yao [Chinese
Journal of Primary Medicine and Pharmacy] 1999;6(6):378–9.
Gao 2000 {published data only}
Gao JH, Li P. ShuangHuanglian in treating 120 cases with childhood
acute upper respiratory tract infection with fever. Xian Dai Zhong
Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi [Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese
and Western Medicine] 2000;9(9):840.
Gu 2005b {published data only}
Gu ZY. Effective observation on Yuxin grass in treating upper respiratory
tract infection. Xian Dai Yi Yao Wei Sheng [Modern Medicine
and Health] 2005;21(2):147–8.
Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 17
Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guan 2001 {published data only}
Guan SP. Chuanhuning in treating childhood upper respiratory tract
infection. Zhong Yi Yao Yan Jiu [Research of Traditional Chinese
Medicine] 2001;17(3):33–62.
Guo 2000a {published data only}
Guo FL, Chen GX, Xiao SA, Lin LJ, Meng CP. Comparative observation
between naproxen enema and injection amilerdine. Xinxiang
Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Journal of Xinxiang Medical College] 2000;17
(3):189–90.
Guo 2003a {published data only}
Guo ZZ,Ma CX, Jiao SH.Clinical observation on Yuxin injection in
treating upper respiratory tract infection. Chengdu Yi Yao [Chengdu
Medical Journal] 2003;29(2):81–2.
Guo 2003b {published data only}
Guo XH, Zhu L, Zhao YP. Observation of effect of Yuxin grass
pulverization in-breath in treating 50 cases with childhood upper
respiratory tract infection. ZhongYuanYiKan [CentralPlainsMedical
Journal] 2003;30(23):28–9.
Guo 2007 {published data only}
Guo XL, Zhi XY. Yanhuning injection in treating 30 children with
acute upper respiratory tract infection. XianDai Zhong Yi Yao [Mod-
ern Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2007;27(3):20.
Guo 2008a {published data only}
Guo XH, Duan JW, Guo AH. Integrated traditional Chinese and
western medicine in treating 80 children with acute upper respiratory
tract infection. He Nan Zhong Yi [HeNan Traditional Chinese
Medicine] 2008;28(3):57–8.
Guo 2008b {published data only}
Guo L. Effective observation onTanreqing injection in treating childhood
upper respiratory tract infection with fever. Zhong Guo Zhong
Yi Ji Zheng [Journal of Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine]
2008;16(1):28–33.
Han 2002 {published data only}
Han X, Fan SK, Ding JF, Liu HX. Clinical observation of Qingkailing
oral liquid in treating acute upper respiratory tract infection. Bei-
jing Zhong Yi Yao Da Xue Xue Bao [Journal of Beijing University of
Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2002;25(2):75–7.
Han 2004 {published data only}
Han ZX. Observation on Danmu injection in treating childhood
acute upper respiratory tract infection. Shi Yong Zhong Yi Yao Za Zhi
[Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2004;20(12):701.
Han 2008 {published data only}
Han J, Chen LP, Zhong BL. Effective observation on Yanhuning
injection in treating adult with virus upper respiratory tract infection.
Lin Chuang Yi Xue [Cli
Ji 2008 {published data only}
Ji TM. Effective observation on Shuanghuanglian injection ultrasonic
pulverization in treating 50 cases with upper respiratory tract
infection. NeiMengGu Zhong Yi Yao [Nei Mongol Journal of Tradi-
tional Chinese Medicine] 2008;27(3):26.
Jia 1997 {published data only}
Jia SL, Deng WG. Clinical effect observation on Chinese herb in
treating children acute upper respiratory tract infection. Sichuan
Sheng Wei Sheng Guan Li Gan Bu Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Journal of
Sichuan Continuing Education College of Medical Sciences] 1997;16
(3):148–50.
Jiang 2000 {published data only}
Jiang Y. Observation on integrated Chinese and western medicine in
treating upper respiratory tract infection. Shi Yong Zhong Yi Yao Za
Zhi [Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2000;16(2):
24–5.
Jiang 2001 {published data only}
Jiang PY, Zhao CB, Hong LJ. Qingzao granule in treating 264 cases
with virus upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Zhong Yi Yao
Ke Ji [Chinese Journal of Traditional Medical Science and Technology]
2001;8(3):151.
Jiang 2002 {published data only}
Jiang F. Effective observation on Yuxin grass injection in treating 80
cases with childhood upper respiratory tract infection. Nantong Yi
Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Acta AcademiaeMedicinae Nantong] 2002;22(4):
461.
Jiang 2003a {published data only}
JiangM, XiongNN, Xi ZQ, Zou JD.Clinical trial for YinHua JieDu
granule in the treatment of upper respiratory infection and influenza
with wind-heat syndrome. Zhong Yao Xin Yao Yu Lin Chuang Yao Li
[Traditional Chinese Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacology] 2003;
14(4):270–2.
Jiang 2004 {published data only}
Jiang YJ, Li L, ZhouM. Integrated Chinese and western medicine in
treating 289 cases with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong
Guo Min Jian Liao Fa [China’s Naturopathy] 2004;12(12):6–7.
Jiang 2005 {published data only}
Jiang YF, Bao HL. Effective observation on Tanreqin in treating 60
cases with upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Hua Shi Yong Yi
Yao Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Practical Medicine] 2005;5(5):416.
Jiang 2007 {published data only}
Jiang XM. Treatment of infantile upper respiratory infection with
Shuanghuanglian powder. Er Ke Xue Za Zhi [Journal of Pediatric
Pharmacy] 2007;13(2):50–2.
Jin 2000 {published data only}
Jin X, Yao L, Xu JY, Hu HY, He X. Child heat-cleaning and coughstopping
oral liquid in treating acute virus upper respiratory tract
infection. Zhong Yi Yao Xin Xi [Information on Traditional Chinese
Medicine] 2000;1:42–3.
Jin 2001 {published data only}
Jin H. Observation of effect of antibiotic plus Shuang huang lian
in treating childhood upper respiratory tract infection. Heihe Ke Ji
[Heihe Science and Technology] 2001;1:41.
Jin 2007 {published data only}
Jin AX. Observation of therapeutic effect of Yanhuning in treating
102 childhood upper respiratory tract infection. Shi Yong Yi Ji Za
Zhi [Journal of Practical Medical Techniques] 2007;14(35):4842–3.
Jing 2007 {published data only}
Jing MF, Zhao P, Huang WQ. Shuanghuanglian powder injection
in treating 46 children with upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong
Guo Zhong Yi Ji Zheng [Journal of Emergency in Traditional Chinese
Medicine] 2007;16(9):1132.
Ju 2002 {published data only}
Ju SH. Clinical analysis of Chuanhuning in treating 170 cases with
acute upper respiratory tract infection. Shandong Yi Yao [Shangdong
Medical Journal] 2002;42(16):75.
Ke 2007 {published data only}
Ke J, Yang Y. Clinical observation on Shuanghuanglian tablet in
treating upper respiratory tract infection. Hu Bei Zhong Yi Xue Yuan
Xue Bao [Journal of Hubei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine]
2007;9(4):53–4.
Kong 2000 {published data only}
Kong NH. Report of Eshu oil in treating 40 cases with acute upper
respiratory tract infection. Jingmen Zhi Ye Ji Shu Xue Yuan Xue Bao
[Journal of Jingmen Vocational Technical College] 2000;15(6):74.
Lai 2000 {published data only}
LaiWL, PanBQ,An SL.Observation of effect of Yuxin grass injection
in treating childhood upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Yi Yao
Xin Xi [Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2000;2:59.
Lan 2005 {published data only}
Lan CQ. Qingshujianpi soup in treating 156 cases with upper respiratory
tract infection in summer. Xin Zhong Yi [New Journal of
Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2005;37(4):71–2.
Li 1994 {published data only}
Li JX, Li WJ. Shenshusan in treating childhood upper respiratory
tract infection combined with diarrhea. Jiao Tong Yi Xue 1994;8(1):
197–8.
Li 1997 {published data only}
Li FQ, Li JY. Shuang Huanglian liquid ultrasonic pulverization inbreath
in treating upper respiratory tract infection in 120 cases.
Shizhen Guo Yao Yan Jiu [Shizhen Journal of Traditional Chinese
Medicine Research] 1997;8(6):495.
Li 1998a {published data only}
Li YQ, Peng BY. Qingkailing granule in treating 82 cases with childhood
virus upper respiratory tract infection with fever. Anhui Zhong
Yi Lin Chuang Za Zhi [Clinical Journal of Anhui Traditional Chinese
Medicine] 1998;10(3):147–8.
Li 1998b {published data only}
Li YP, Shi MC, Yang XY, Yuan JL. Pharmic effect experiment and
200 clinical observation of heat-cleaning and antidotal syrup. Xi
Nan Guo Fang Yi Yao [Medical Journal of National Defending Forces
in Southwest China] 1998;8(4):241–3.
Li 1998c {published data only}
Li WX, Zhang HB. Effective observation on Eshu oil and glucose
injection in treating childhood acute upper respiratory tract infection
in 120 cases. Zhong Guo Yao Ye [China Pharmaceuticals] 1998;7(7):
56–7.
Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 19
Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
Li 1998d {published data only}
LiXZ, Song YX, LiZG, YangGL,Wang YF, LiMX, et al.Observation
on therapeutic efficacy of Qingjiemixture on acute upper respiratory
infection in wind-heat type. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Shi Yong Lin Chuang
Ji Jiu [Integrated Traditional Chinese andWestern Medicine in Practice
of Critical Care Medicine] 1998;5(11):506–8.
Li 1999b {published data only}
LiHX,Wang SG.Chuan hu ning in treating 80 cases with childhood
upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Zhong Yi Yao Xin Xi Za
Zhi [Chinese Journal of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine]
1999;6(1):52–3.
Li 1999c {published data only}
Li CW, Zhou B. Effective observation on children cold granule in
treating 103 children. Hua Xi Yao Xue Za Zhi [West China Journal of
Pharmaceutical Sciences] 1999;14(5-6):418.
Li 2000a {published data only}
LiXW, Jia LR.Observation for effect of ShuangHuang Lian injection
in the treatment of acute upper respiratory infection in 50 cases.
Sichuan sheng wei sheng guan li gan bu xue yuan xue bao [Journal of
Sichuan Continuing Education College of MS] 2000;19(1):52.
Li 2000c {published data only}
Li DM, Liu JP, Yao GF. Observation of effect of Chuanhuning in
treating childhood acute upper respiratory tract infection. Neimenggu
Zhong Yi Yao [Neimongol Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine]
2000;4:7.
Li 2002c {published data only}
Li X. Clinical observation on self-regulating Yinhao soup in treating
upper respiratory tract infection. Sichuan Zhong Yi [Journal of
Sichuan of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2002;20(5):41.
Li 2003a {published data only}
Li SJ. Effective analysis of little caihu granule in treating childhood
upper respiratory tract infection. Hebei Yi Yao [Hebei Medical Jour-
nal] 2003;25(1):47.
Li 2003b {published data only}
Li YL. The clinical observation of Qing Kan Ling injection for treating
56 acute upper respiratory infection. Tianjin Zhong Yi Yao [Tian-
jin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2003;20(1):79–80.
Li 2003c {published data only}
Li HY, Yang YH. Observation to the effects of Shuanghuanglian on
acute upper respiratory infection of children. Er Ke Yao Xue Za Zhi
[Journal of Pediatric Pharmacy] 2003;9(1):61–2.
Li 2003d {published data only}
Li JM, Chen ZY, Lin CS. Effective observation of Chuanhuning
powder injection combined with antibiotic in treating 160 cases with
upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Zhong Yi Ji Zheng [Jour-
nal of Emergency Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2003;12(1):37.
Li 2003e {published dat
of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine] 2004;14(4):
233–4,6.
Liao 2004b {published data only}
Liao X, Yang Q, Qu JL, Gao X, Luo LY. Clinical observation on
Qingwen Jiedu soup in treating upper respiratory tract infection of flu
B virus. Jiangxi Zhong Yi Yao [Jiangxi Journal of Traditional Chinese
Medicine] 2004;35(9):22–3.
Lin 1999a {published data only}
Lin H, Li XY. Effective observation on Qingkailing granule in treating
160 cases with childhood virus upper respiratory tract infection.
Binzhou Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Journal of Binzhou Medical College]
1999;22(4):407.
Lin 2002 {published data only}
Lin XZ, Jia HM. Clinical study on Caihuang granule in treating
childhood upper respiratory tract infection. Zhi Ye Yu Jian Kang
[Occupation and Health] 2002;18(4):114–5.
Lin 2004 {published data only}
Lin XJ, Chen Y. Observation on treating child hyperpyrexia. Zhong
Hua Shi Yong Zhong Xi Yi Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of the Practical
Chinese with Modern Medicine] 2004;4(2):226.
Ling 2007 {published data only}
Ling XX. Effective observation on Tanreqing injection in treating 78
cases with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Liu Zhou Yi Xue
[Liu Zhou Medicine] 2007;20(3):213.
Liu 2000 {published data only}
Liu TH, Qi HR, Zhang H. Effect comparison of Chinese herb and
antibiotic in treating acute upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong
Ha Yi Yuan Gan Ran Xue Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology]
2000;10(5):394.
Liu 2001b {published data only}
Liu XC,Wang YC, Chen YJ. Clinical observation on heat-withdrawing
No.3 in treating 50 cases with upper respiratory tract infection.
Jiangsu Zhong Yi [Jiangsu Journal of traditional Chinese medicine]
2001;22(9):16–7.
Liu 2001c {published data only}
Liu RC, Zhang XH, Yang QZ.Manufacture and clinical application
of heat-cleaning detoxicfy oral liquid. Zhong Guo Yi Yuan Yao Xue
Za Zhi [Chinese Hospital Pharmacy Journal] 2001;21(9):562–3.
Liu 2003 {published data only}
Liu J, Yao CY, Ma L. Manufacture of laryngopharynx cleaning oral
liquid and effective observation on treating childhood upper respiratory
tract infection. Jiangsu Yao Xue Yu Lin Chuang Yan Jiu [Jiangsu
Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research] 2003;11(3):48–9.
Liu 2004a {published data only}
Liu T. Effective observation of Shanggantuire in treating acute virus
upper respiratory tract infection with fever in 55 cases. Xin Zhong Yi
[New Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2004;4(2):1488.
Liu 2004b {published data only}
Liu LB, Shi FN. Zhongjiefeng injection in combination with
jiemycin in treating 160 cases with acute upper respiratory tract infection.
Xian Dai Yi Yao Wei Sheng [Modern Medicine and Health]
2004;20(4):272.
Liu 2004c {published data only}
Liu DS. Clinical observation on integrated Chinese medicine and
western medicine in treating 72 cases with childhood acute upper
respiratory tract infection. Hu Xia Yi Xue [Acta Medicine Sinica]
2004;17(6):1003.
Liu 2008a {published data only}
Liu FX. Effective observation on Kanggan granules in treating infants
with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Wu Zhen
Xue Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Misdiagnostics] 2008;8(3):553–4.
Long 2000 {published data only}
Long QL, Zhang WC. Treating upper respiratory tract infection in
infants with injection of Radix Houttuyniae and ribavirin. Zhong
Guo Ming Zu Ming Jian Yi Yao Za Zhi [Journal of Medicine and
Pharmacy of Chinese Minorities] 2000;43(43):77–8,124.
Lu 2000 {published data only}
Lu HH, Shi Y, Shi YP. Zhikesan applying on vola pedis in treating
70 cases with childhood upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Yi
Wai Zhi [Journal of External Therapy of Traditional ChineseMedicine]
2000;9(5):4.
Lu 2001 {published data only}
Lu JW. Yuxincao injection pulverization in-breath in treating acute
upper respiratory tract infection. Ji Ceng Zhong Yao Za Zhi [Primary
Journal of Chinese Materia Medica] 2001;15(3):56.
Lu 2005 {published data only}
Lu LS, Wu YM. Clinical observation of children antifebrile drop
intestine liquid in treating 200 colds with fever. Jiangsu Zhong Yi Yao
[Jiangsu Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 1996;26(1):29–30.
Lu 2007 {published data only}
Lu JM. Effective observation on oral administration of Shuanghuanglian
andmuscular injection of Ribavirin in treating youth with acute
upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo She Qu Yi Shi [Chinese
Community Doctors] 2007;9(10):84.
Luo 2008 {published data only}
LuoGX.Clinical analysis of preserving enema of Traditional Chinese
Medicine in auxiliary treating acute upper respiratory tract infection.
Zhong Guo Wu Zhen Xue Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Misdiagnostics]
2008;8(7):1603.
Lv 2007 {published data only}
Lv LY, Zhou LQ. Effective observation on Sanyakuzufang in treating
118 cases with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Yi Xue Xin Xi
[Medical Information] 2007;20(5):827–8.
Ma 1996 {published data only}
Ma YS. Clinical controlled observation on Qingkailing in treating
128 children with severe acute upper respiratory tract infection. Yun-
nan Zhong Yi Zhong Yao Za Zhi [Yunnan Journal of Traditional Chi-
nese Medicine and Materia Medica] 1996;17(5):31–2.
Ma 2002a {published data only}
Ma AZ, Qiu YZ, Lin YX. Eshu oil in treating 50 children with upper
respiratory tract infection. ZhongGuo Yao Ye [China Pharmaceuticals]
2002;11(1):80.
Ma 2002b {published data only}
MaH,Zhang JP. Qingbian pellet in treating 158 cases with childhood
acute upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Yi Yao Yan Jiu [Research
of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2002;18(6):10.
Ma 2005 {published data only}
Ma YJ, ShiML.Clinical analysis ofE shu oil injection in combination
with Ribavirin in treating childhood acute upper respiratory tract
Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 21
Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
infection. Lin Chuang Yi Yao Shi Jian Za Zhi [Proceeding of Clinical
Medicine] 2005;14(1):44–5.
Meng 2007 {published data only}
Meng LH, Cui H, Huang H. Clinical observation on Reduning
injection in treating acute upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong
Guo Yi Yao Dao Bao [China Medical Herald] 2007;4(36):89.
Miu 2002 {published data only}
Miu YL, Gen N, Li J. Effective observation on mixed Yuxin grass in
treating 186 children aged 2 years at least with severe upper respiratory
tract infection. Lin Chuang Yi Xue [Clinical Medicine] 2002;22
(3):53–4.
Mu 2004 {published data only}
Mu RY. Chuanxinlian in combination with Ribavirin in treating 62
cases with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Yi Yao Dao Bao
[Herald of Medicine] 2004;23(3):167.
Ou 1996 {published data only}
Ou YX. Effective observation on large dosage of Yuxin grass in treating
children upper respiratory tract infection. Jiangxi Zhong Yi Yao
[Jiangxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 1996;27(5):27–8.
Pan 1999 {published data only}
Pan WW. Integrated Chinese and western medicine in treating 60
children with upper respiratory tract infection. Shi Yong Zhong Yi
Yao Za Zhi [Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine] 1999;
15(11):25.
Pan 2001a {published data only}
PanHP, Jin SH,Zeng SZ,WuCL,DuH,MengDP.Xiaoer reganning
koufuye vs shuang Huanglian in treating acute upper respiratory
infection of children. Guangxi Yi Xue [Guangxi Medical Journal]
2001;23(1):1–3.
Pan 2001b {published data only}
Pan HP, Du H, Jin SH, Wu CL, Zeng SZ, Meng DP. Study on
antipyretic action of Xiaoerreganning oral solution on acute upper
respiratory tract infection of children. Zhong Cheng Yao [Chinese
Traditional Patent Medicine] 2001;23(9):652–4.
Pan 2002a {published data only}
Pan HP, Du H, Jin SH, Wu CL, Zeng SZ, Meng DP. Study of
xiaoer reganning koufuye to treat acute upper respiratory infection of
children and its acceptability. Zhong Guo XianDai Ying Yong Yao Xue
Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Modern Application Pharmacology] 2002;
19(1):66–8.
Pan 2002b {published data only}
Pan HP, Du H, Jin SH, Wu CL, Zeng SZ, Meng DP, et al.Clinical
study of Xiaoer reganning oral liquid in treatment of children’s upper
respiratory tract infections. Zhong Guo Yi Yuan Yong Yao Ping Jia
Yu Fen Xi [Evaluation and analysis of drug-use in hosp
Sun 2003a {published data only}
SunH, Zhang XY. Observation of effects of Xiyanping and Ribavirin
on acute upper respiratory tract infection. Yi Yao Lun Tan Za Zhi
[Journal of Medical Forum] 2003;24(11):35–6.
Sun 2003b {published data only}
Sun DH, Wang XY. Yuxin grass injection pulverization in-breath in
treating 82 children with upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong
Guo Ji Ceng Yi Yao [Chinese Journal of Primary Medicine and Phar-
macy] 2003;10(11):1132.
Sun 2007 {published data only}
Sun HC, Xiao QL, Huang YJ, Zhu QY. Clinical observation on
Qinyin injection in treating upper respiratory tract infection. Liao
Ning Zhong Yi Yao Da Xue Xue Bao [Journal of Liaoning University of
Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2007;9(6):117–8.
Tang 2000 {published data only}
Tang L. Effective observation on Eshu oil and glucose injection in
treating acute upper respiratory tract infection. Xian Dai Yi Yao Wei
Sheng [Modern Medicine and Health] 2000;16(6):560.
Tang 2003 {published data only}
Tang YA, Sun NJ, Li XL. Effective observation on Yuxin grass injection
in treating 40 children with upper respiratory tract infection.
Hebei Zhong Yi [Hebei Journal of Traditional ChineseMedicine] 2003;
25(9):712–3.
Tang 2005 {published data only}
Tang WH,Wang HT. Effective observation on Yuxin grass injection
in treating childhood upper respiratory tract infection. Lin Chuang
Yi Xue [Clinical Medicine] 2005;25(3):83–6.
Tang 2007 {published data only}
Tang XJ. Effective observation on Yanhuning injection in treating 76
children with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Shi
Yong Yi Yao Za Zhi [China Practical Medicine] 2007;2(9):106–7.
Tao 2007 {published data only}
Tao LY. Tanreqing injection in treating 50 cases with acute upper
respiratory tract infections. He Nan Zhong Yi [He Nan Traditional
Chinese Medicine] 2007;27(7):73.
Tian 1998 {published data only}
Tian JY. Observation of effect of Shuang huang lian oral liquid in
treating 48 upper respiratory infection. Chengdu Yi Yao [Chengdu
Medical Journal] 1998;24(1):20.
Tong 2004 {published data only}
Tong X. Esu oil and glucose injection in treating 60 cases with acute
upper respiratory tract infection. Haerbing Yi Yao 2004;24(2):15.
Wan 2003 {published data only}
Wan ZM. Observation of effect of Shuang huang lian injection in
treating childhood upper respiratory tract infection. Hua BeiMeiTan
Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Journal of North China Coal Medical College]
2003;5(5):614–5.
Wang 1995a {published data only}
Wang TS, Wang WH. Observation of effect of Shuang huang lian
in treating childhood upper respiratory infection with fever. Xi Nan
Guo Fang Yi Yao [Medical Journal of National Defending Forces in
Southwest China] 1995;5(2):98.
Wang 1995b {published data only}
Wang MY, Zhang YZ, Gao WH, Dong XS, Zhou SP. Effective observation
on Eshu oil in treating upper respiratory infection in 50
cases. Zhong Guo Xiang Chun Yi Yao Za Zhi 1995;2(11):495–6.
Wang 1996a {published data only}
Wang YC, Zhang WX. Effective observation on shuang Huanglian
powder injection in treating 46 cases with acute upper respiratory
tract infection. Jiangxi Zhong Yi Yao [Jiangxi Journal of Traditional
Chinese Medicine] 1996;27(2):32.
Wang 1996b {published data only}
Wang GL. Effective observation on Chinese herb dropping-rectum
in treating 80 cases with childhood acute upper respiratory tract
infection. Shi Yong Xiang Chun Yi Sheng Za Zhi [Practical Journal of
Rural Doctor] 1996;5:37.
Wang 1997a {published data only}
Wang SH, Zhang LQ, Chu CL, Tong XP, Li Y, Yang HJ, et
al.Observation of effect of Esu oil in treating childhood upper respiratory
tract infection. Qiqihaer Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Journal of
Qiqihar Medical College] 1997;18(2):104.
Wang 1997b {published data only}
Wang HR, Wang YF. Effective observation on Shuang Huanglian
oral liquid in treating childhood upper respiratory tract infection.
Qingdao Yi Yao Wei Sheng [Qingdao Medical Journal] 1997;29(11):
40.
Wang 1997c {published data only}
Wang GR,Hu ZY, Shen YL. Effective observation on shuang Huanglian
injection in treating 260 cases with upper respiratory tract infection.
Shi Yong Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi [The Practical Journal of
Integrating Chinese with Modern Medicine] 1997;10(20):1957.
Wang 1999a {published data only}
Wang YZ,Wu BD. Effective observation on Chinese herb cold granule
in treating children upper respiratory tract infection. Suzhou Yi
Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Acta Academiae Medicine Suzhou] 1999;19(3):
308.
Wang 2001a {published data only}
Wang JG, XuWL. Chinese herb in treating 120 cases with childhood
early acute upper respiratory tract infection. Xian Dai Zhong Xi Yi
Jie He Za Zhi [Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and
Western Medicine] 2001;10(1):37.
Wang 2001b {published data only}
Wang PD, Wei HQ. Chinese herb Jianer Qingjie liquid in treating
74 children with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Xinjiang
Zhong Yi Yao [Xinjiang Journal of TraditionalChineseMedicine] 2001;
19(3):45–6.
Wang 2001c {published data only}
Wang LY, Fan JY, Wu XJ. Observation of clinical effect of injected
Chuanhuning in treating upper respiratory tract infection
(264 cases). Haerbing Yi Yao 2001;21(4):12–3.
Wang 2001d {published data only}
Wang HY, Xv X. Chuanhuning in treating 156 cases with childhood
acute upper respiratory infection. Zhong Guo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Er
Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Otolaryngology Integrated
Traditional and Western Medicine] 2001;9(5):245.
Wang 2001e {published data only}
Wang HY, Xv X. Chuanhuning in treating 156 cases with childhood
acute upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Zhong Xi Yi JieHe
Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 23
Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
Er Bi YanHou Ke Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Otolaryngology Integrated
Traditional and Western Medicine] 2001;9(6):284.
Wang 2003a {published data only}
Wang HY. The effect of antivirus pill for treating virus upper respiratory
infection of school aged children. Tianjin Yao Xue [Tianjin
Pharmacy] 2003;15(3):40.
Wang 2003b {published data only}
Wang YC, Hu GH. Yanhu Ning freeze dried powder injection in the
treatment of children and acute upper respiratory infection [Efficacy
of natrikalite dehydrographolid succinas pro injection in the treatment
of children acute upper respiratory infection]. Er Ke Yao Xue
Za Zhi [Journal of Pediatric Pharmacy] 2003;9(5):39–41.
Wang 2004b {published data only}
Wang M. Observation of effect of Chuanghuning in treating upper
respiratory tract infection. Zhong Hua Xian Dai Er Ke Xue Za Zhi
[Journal of Chinese Modern Pediatrics] 2004;1(2):164.
Wang 2004c {published data only}
Wang MY, He CH, Li X. Effective observation on Yuxin grass injection
in treating upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Zhong
Yi Ji Zheng [Journal of Emergency TraditionalChineseMedicine] 2004;
13(12):815.
Wang 2004d {published data only}
Wang FZ. Observation of effect of Qingkailing pulverization inbreath
in treating childhood acute upper respiratory tract infection.
Xian Dai Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi [Modern Journal of Integrated
Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine] 2004;13(22):3000–1.
Wang 2007a {published data only}
Wang HS. Efficacy of natrikalite dehydrographolid succinas pro injection
in the treatment of children acute upper respiratory infection.
Zhong Guo Ye Jin Gong Ye Yi Xue Za Zhi [Chinese Medical Journal of
Metallurgical Industry] 2007;24(3):314–5.
Wang 2007b {published data only}
Wang HF. Effective observation on Pudilan Xiaoyan tablets in treating
acute upper respiratory tract infection with wind cold syndrome.
Xian Dai Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi [Modern Journal of Integrated
Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine] 2007;16(10):1334–5.
Wang 2007c {published data only}
Wang XY, Xin JS. Qingkailing capsule in treating 60 cases with acute
upper respiratory tract infection. Shan Xi Zhong Yi [Shanxi Journal
of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2007;28(8):941–2.
Wang 2007d {published data only}
Wang W. Effective observation on Reduning injection in treating
children with upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Xian Dai
Yi Sheng [China
Xie 1994 {published data only}
Xie XL, Jiang BD, Chen YH, Zeng MH, Zhang SM, Feng GX.
Clinical observation on Shengqiaoergan granule in treating 405 cases
with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Yunnan Yi Yao 1994;15
(2):123–5.
Xie 1995 {published data only}
Xie CZ, Wang XY. Observation on Shuang Huanglian powder in
treating 60 children with upper respiratory tract infection. Zhejiang
Zhong Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Journal of Zhejiang College of TCM]
1995;19(6):13–4.
Xie 2003 {published data only}
Xie HM, Xie WY. Bai Hua She She injection for treating 62 acute
upper respiratory infections. Zhong Guo Zhong Yi Ji Zheng [Journal
of Emergency Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2003;12(1):76.
Xie 2008 {published data only}
Xie SL. Effective observation on Shanggan mixture and Yanhuning
powder injection in treating upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong
Guo Zhong Yi Ji Zheng [Journal of Emergency in Traditional Chinese
Medicine] 2008;17(2):154–74.
Xin 2007 {published data only}
XinWC. Clinical effective observation on Xiyanping injection treating
children with upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Yi
Liao Qian Yan [China Healthcare Innovation] 2007;2(8):92–105.
Xing 2003 {published data only}
Xing LJ, Wang HY. Observation of effect of Esu oil and glucose
injection in treating childhood acute upper respiratory tract infection.
Zhong Guo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi [Chinese
Journal ofOtolaryngology Integrated Traditional andWesternMedicine]
2003;11(6):294.
Xiong 2007 {published data only}
Xiong XJ, Xiong LJ. Clinical observation on Ge Gen Tang (mixture)
in treating upper respiratory infecting. Hu Bei Zhong Yi Za Zhi
[Hubei Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2007;29(5):25–6.
Xu 1996 {published data only}
Xu QG. Shuang huanglian in treating 120 cases with acute upper
respiratory tract infection with fever. Shandong Yi Yao 1996;36(1):
62.
Xu 2001 {published data only}
Xu FZ, Mao CF. Effective observation on Caihu in combination
with Tainuoling in treating 78 children with upper respiratory tract
infection with fever. Handan Yi Xue Gao Deng Zhuan Ke Xue Xiao
Xue Bao [Journal of Handan Medical College] 2001;14(5):403.
Xu 2002 {published data only}
Xu CY. Observing the effect in treating infant acute upper respiratory
tract infection by intravenous drip with houttuynine sodium
injection. Hebei Yi Xue [Hebei Medicine] 2002;8(4):326–8.
Xu 2004 {published data only}
Xu HX. Clinical observation on Aisu breathing feet in treating 80
children with acute upper respiratory tract infection with fever. Shi
Zhen Guo Yi Guo Yao [Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Re-
search] 2004;15(8):507.
Xu 2007 {published data only}
Xu XW, Ni YM. Xuanfeijiebiaofa in treating 40 cases with upper
respiratory tract infection. Shan Xi Zhong Yi [Shaanxi Journal of
Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2007;28(4):387–8.
Xue 2000a {published data only}
Xue XM, Duan TX, Hou XB. Qingyanling spray in treating childhood
upper respiratory infection. Xinxiang Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao
[Journal of Xinxiang Medical College] 2000;17(2):137–8.
Xue 2000b {published data only}
XueXM,DuanTX,Hou XB,Chen YJ. Qingyanling spray in treating
120 cases with childhood upper respiratory tract infection. Henan
Zhong Yi Yao Xue Kan 2000;15(3):38–9.
Xue 2001 {published data only}
Xue YF, Zhao JB, Zhang J, Xia X, Wang MC. Observations on curative
effects of Qingdutuire decoction powder on 480 cases with
acute upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Zhong Xi Yi Jie
He Ji Jiu Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional andWestern
Medicine in Intensive and Critical Care] 2001;8(4):228–30.
Yan 2002 {published data only}
Yan B. Effective observation on Eshu oil in treating virus upper respiratory
tract infection. Hangzhou Yi Xue Gao Deng Zhuang Ke Xue
Xiao Xue Bao [Journal of Hangzhou Medical College] 2002;23(1-2):
34.
Yan 2007a {published data only}
Yan FY, Pang FY. Effective observation on Yanhuning injection and
ribavirin in treating children with acute upper respiratory tract infection
with fever. He Bei Yi Yao [Hebei Medical Journal] 2007;29(8):
843.
Yan 2007b {published data only}
Yan XD, Chen LZ, Zhang HM. Shuanghuanglian injection in treating
120 cases with upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Yi Yao
Dao Bao [Guiding Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Phar-
macy] 2007;13(7):65–81.
Yan 2007c {published data only}
Yan FY, Zhang XQ, Qi BQ, Chang H. Effective observation on Xiaoer
Qingrening granule and Shuanghuanglian oral liquid in treating
children with acute upper respiratory tract infection with fever. He
Bei Yi Yao [HeBei Medical Journal] 2007;28(4):359–60.
Yang 1999b {published data only}
Yang JF. Observation of therapeutic effect of Qingkailing on upper
respiratory tract infection. Henan Zhong Yi [Henan Traditional Chi-
nese Medicine] 1999;19(5):13–5,73.
Yang 2000a {published data only}
Yang CX, Yan TY. Clinical study for Re Du Jing in the treatment
of upper respiratory tract infection of flu virus. Beijing Zhong Yi
[Beijing Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2000;4:17–8.
Yang 2001 {published data only}
Yang XD, Li P. Effective analysis of Xinhuang pill in treating upper
respiratory tract infection with fever. Xian Dai Zhen Duan Yu Zhi
Liao [Modern Diagnosis and Treatment] 2001;Suppl 1:56.
Yang 2002 {published data only}
Yang XD, Li P. Effective study of Xinhuang pill in treating upper
respiratory tract infection with fever. Shi Yong Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Lin
Chuang [Practical Clinical Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese
Medicine] 2002;2(5):4.
Yang 2004 {published data only}
Yang SQ. Clinical observation on shuang Huanglian oral liquid in
treating 44 children with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Fu-
jian Yi Yao Za Zhi [Fujian Medical Journal] 2004;26(5):113.
Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 25
Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
Yang 2005 {published data only}
Yang ZH, Xu Y, Huang YH. Clinical safety observation on Yuxin
grass injection single-dropping application. Zhong Guo Quan Ke Yi
Xue [Chinese General Practice] 2005;8(1):57–8.
Yang 2007a {published data only}
Yang XH, Gao ZW, Liu CX, Lan XC. Effective observation on Pudilan
oral liquid in treating children with acute upper respiratory tract
infection. Xian Dai Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi [Modern Journal of
Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine] 2007;16(25):
3662–766.
Yang 2007b {published data only}
Yang Y. Safety and effective observation on Reduning injection in
treating children with acute upper respiratory tract infection with
fever. Zhong Guo Yi Yao Dao Bao [China Medical Herald] 2007;4
(36):243.
Yang 2007c {published data only}
Yang XJ. Comparison of effects of Yanhuning and ribovirin on acute
upper respiratory infection. Zhong Yi Yao Dao Bao [Guiding Journal
of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy] 2007;13(6):33–45.
Yang 2007d {published data only}
Yang JL, Su JP. Clinical observation on Yanhuning injection in treating
children with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Shan Xi
Zhong Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Journal of Shanxi College of Traditional
Chinese Medicine] 2007;8(3):30.
Yang 2007e {published data only}
Yang XC. Effective observation on Yujin injection in treating acute
upper respiratory tract infection. Yi Yao Lun Tan Za Zhi [Journal of
Medical Forum] 2007;28(12):117.
Yao 2001 {published data only}
Yao JC,HuGH,HuCY.Clinical effect observation onChuanhuning
in treating children acute upper respiratory tract infection. Xian Dai
Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi [Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional
Chinese and Western Medicine] 2001;10(18):1743–4.
Yao 2003a {published data only}
Yao XQ. Effective observation on Yinqiaobaihu soup in treating 40
cases with upper respiratory tract infection with fever. Zhong Hua
Shi Yong Zhong Xi Yi Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of the Practical Chinese
with Modern Medicine] 2003;3(11):1659.
Yao 2003b {published data only}
Yao L. Effect comparison of heat-cleaning detoxicfy injection and
penicillin in treating upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo
She Qu Yi Shi [Chinese Community Doctors] 2003;19(12):29.
Yao 2005 {published data only}