主题：贴，贴， -- 虽远必诛

省时省力，高效低毒。

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非要争个高下？

Xie 1994 {published data only}

Xie XL, Jiang BD, Chen YH, Zeng MH, Zhang SM, Feng GX.

Clinical observation on Shengqiaoergan granule in treating 405 cases

with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Yunnan Yi Yao 1994;15

(2):123–5.

Xie 1995 {published data only}

Xie CZ, Wang XY. Observation on Shuang Huanglian powder in

treating 60 children with upper respiratory tract infection. Zhejiang

Zhong Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Journal of Zhejiang College of TCM]

1995;19(6):13–4.

Xie 2003 {published data only}

Xie HM, Xie WY. Bai Hua She She injection for treating 62 acute

upper respiratory infections. Zhong Guo Zhong Yi Ji Zheng [Journal

of Emergency Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2003;12(1):76.

Xie 2008 {published data only}

Xie SL. Effective observation on Shanggan mixture and Yanhuning

powder injection in treating upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong

Guo Zhong Yi Ji Zheng [Journal of Emergency in Traditional Chinese

Medicine] 2008;17(2):154–74.

Xin 2007 {published data only}

XinWC. Clinical effective observation on Xiyanping injection treating

children with upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Yi

Liao Qian Yan [China Healthcare Innovation] 2007;2(8):92–105.

Xing 2003 {published data only}

Xing LJ, Wang HY. Observation of effect of Esu oil and glucose

injection in treating childhood acute upper respiratory tract infection.

Zhong Guo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi [Chinese

Journal ofOtolaryngology Integrated Traditional andWesternMedicine]

2003;11(6):294.

Xiong 2007 {published data only}

Xiong XJ, Xiong LJ. Clinical observation on Ge Gen Tang (mixture)

in treating upper respiratory infecting. Hu Bei Zhong Yi Za Zhi

[Hubei Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2007;29(5):25–6.

Xu 1996 {published data only}

Xu QG. Shuang huanglian in treating 120 cases with acute upper

respiratory tract infection with fever. Shandong Yi Yao 1996;36(1):

62.

Xu 2001 {published data only}

Xu FZ, Mao CF. Effective observation on Caihu in combination

with Tainuoling in treating 78 children with upper respiratory tract

infection with fever. Handan Yi Xue Gao Deng Zhuan Ke Xue Xiao

Xue Bao [Journal of Handan Medical College] 2001;14(5):403.

Xu 2002 {published data only}

Xu CY. Observing the effect in treating infant acute upper respiratory

tract infection by intravenous drip with houttuynine sodium

injection. Hebei Yi Xue [Hebei Medicine] 2002;8(4):326–8.

Xu 2004 {published data only}

Xu HX. Clinical observation on Aisu breathing feet in treating 80

children with acute upper respiratory tract infection with fever. Shi

Zhen Guo Yi Guo Yao [Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Re-

search] 2004;15(8):507.

Xu 2007 {published data only}

Xu XW, Ni YM. Xuanfeijiebiaofa in treating 40 cases with upper

respiratory tract infection. Shan Xi Zhong Yi [Shaanxi Journal of

Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2007;28(4):387–8.

Xue 2000a {published data only}

Xue XM, Duan TX, Hou XB. Qingyanling spray in treating childhood

upper respiratory infection. Xinxiang Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao

[Journal of Xinxiang Medical College] 2000;17(2):137–8.

Xue 2000b {published data only}

XueXM,DuanTX,Hou XB,Chen YJ. Qingyanling spray in treating

120 cases with childhood upper respiratory tract infection. Henan

Zhong Yi Yao Xue Kan 2000;15(3):38–9.

Xue 2001 {published data only}

Xue YF, Zhao JB, Zhang J, Xia X, Wang MC. Observations on curative

effects of Qingdutuire decoction powder on 480 cases with

acute upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Zhong Xi Yi Jie

He Ji Jiu Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional andWestern

Medicine in Intensive and Critical Care] 2001;8(4):228–30.

Yan 2002 {published data only}

Yan B. Effective observation on Eshu oil in treating virus upper respiratory

tract infection. Hangzhou Yi Xue Gao Deng Zhuang Ke Xue

Xiao Xue Bao [Journal of Hangzhou Medical College] 2002;23(1-2):

34.

Yan 2007a {published data only}

Yan FY, Pang FY. Effective observation on Yanhuning injection and

ribavirin in treating children with acute upper respiratory tract infection

with fever. He Bei Yi Yao [Hebei Medical Journal] 2007;29(8):

843.

Yan 2007b {published data only}

Yan XD, Chen LZ, Zhang HM. Shuanghuanglian injection in treating

120 cases with upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Yi Yao

Dao Bao [Guiding Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Phar-

macy] 2007;13(7):65–81.

Yan 2007c {published data only}

Yan FY, Zhang XQ, Qi BQ, Chang H. Effective observation on Xiaoer

Qingrening granule and Shuanghuanglian oral liquid in treating

children with acute upper respiratory tract infection with fever. He

Bei Yi Yao [HeBei Medical Journal] 2007;28(4):359–60.

Yang 1999b {published data only}

Yang JF. Observation of therapeutic effect of Qingkailing on upper

respiratory tract infection. Henan Zhong Yi [Henan Traditional Chi-

nese Medicine] 1999;19(5):13–5,73.

Yang 2000a {published data only}

Yang CX, Yan TY. Clinical study for Re Du Jing in the treatment

of upper respiratory tract infection of flu virus. Beijing Zhong Yi

[Beijing Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2000;4:17–8.

Yang 2001 {published data only}

Yang XD, Li P. Effective analysis of Xinhuang pill in treating upper

respiratory tract infection with fever. Xian Dai Zhen Duan Yu Zhi

Liao [Modern Diagnosis and Treatment] 2001;Suppl 1:56.

Yang 2002 {published data only}

Yang XD, Li P. Effective study of Xinhuang pill in treating upper

respiratory tract infection with fever. Shi Yong Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Lin

Chuang [Practical Clinical Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese

Medicine] 2002;2(5):4.

Yang 2004 {published data only}

Yang SQ. Clinical observation on shuang Huanglian oral liquid in

treating 44 children with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Fu-

jian Yi Yao Za Zhi [Fujian Medical Journal] 2004;26(5):113.

Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 25

Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.

Yang 2005 {published data only}

Yang ZH, Xu Y, Huang YH. Clinical safety observation on Yuxin

grass injection single-dropping application. Zhong Guo Quan Ke Yi

Xue [Chinese General Practice] 2005;8(1):57–8.

Yang 2007a {published data only}

Yang XH, Gao ZW, Liu CX, Lan XC. Effective observation on Pudilan

oral liquid in treating children with acute upper respiratory tract

infection. Xian Dai Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi [Modern Journal of

Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine] 2007;16(25):

3662–766.

Yang 2007b {published data only}

Yang Y. Safety and effective observation on Reduning injection in

treating children with acute upper respiratory tract infection with

fever. Zhong Guo Yi Yao Dao Bao [China Medical Herald] 2007;4

(36):243.

Yang 2007c {published data only}

Yang XJ. Comparison of effects of Yanhuning and ribovirin on acute

upper respiratory infection. Zhong Yi Yao Dao Bao [Guiding Journal

of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy] 2007;13(6):33–45.

Yang 2007d {published data only}

Yang JL, Su JP. Clinical observation on Yanhuning injection in treating

children with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Shan Xi

Zhong Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Journal of Shanxi College of Traditional

Chinese Medicine] 2007;8(3):30.

Yang 2007e {published data only}

Yang XC. Effective observation on Yujin injection in treating acute

upper respiratory tract infection. Yi Yao Lun Tan Za Zhi [Journal of

Medical Forum] 2007;28(12):117.

Yao 2001 {published data only}

Yao JC,HuGH,HuCY.Clinical effect observation onChuanhuning

in treating children acute upper respiratory tract infection. Xian Dai

Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi [Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional

Chinese and Western Medicine] 2001;10(18):1743–4.

Yao 2003a {published data only}

Yao XQ. Effective observation on Yinqiaobaihu soup in treating 40

cases with upper respiratory tract infection with fever. Zhong Hua

Shi Yong Zhong Xi Yi Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of the Practical Chinese

with Modern Medicine] 2003;3(11):1659.

Yao 2003b {published data only}

Yao L. Effect comparison of heat-cleaning detoxicfy injection and

penicillin in treating upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo

She Qu Yi Shi [Chinese Community Doctors] 2003;19(12):29.

Yao 2005 {published data only}

Sun 2003a {published data only}

SunH, Zhang XY. Observation of effects of Xiyanping and Ribavirin

on acute upper respiratory tract infection. Yi Yao Lun Tan Za Zhi

[Journal of Medical Forum] 2003;24(11):35–6.

Sun 2003b {published data only}

Sun DH, Wang XY. Yuxin grass injection pulverization in-breath in

treating 82 children with upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong

Guo Ji Ceng Yi Yao [Chinese Journal of Primary Medicine and Phar-

macy] 2003;10(11):1132.

Sun 2007 {published data only}

Sun HC, Xiao QL, Huang YJ, Zhu QY. Clinical observation on

Qinyin injection in treating upper respiratory tract infection. Liao

Ning Zhong Yi Yao Da Xue Xue Bao [Journal of Liaoning University of

Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2007;9(6):117–8.

Tang 2000 {published data only}

Tang L. Effective observation on Eshu oil and glucose injection in

treating acute upper respiratory tract infection. Xian Dai Yi Yao Wei

Sheng [Modern Medicine and Health] 2000;16(6):560.

Tang 2003 {published data only}

Tang YA, Sun NJ, Li XL. Effective observation on Yuxin grass injection

in treating 40 children with upper respiratory tract infection.

Hebei Zhong Yi [Hebei Journal of Traditional ChineseMedicine] 2003;

25(9):712–3.

Tang 2005 {published data only}

Tang WH,Wang HT. Effective observation on Yuxin grass injection

in treating childhood upper respiratory tract infection. Lin Chuang

Yi Xue [Clinical Medicine] 2005;25(3):83–6.

Tang 2007 {published data only}

Tang XJ. Effective observation on Yanhuning injection in treating 76

children with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Shi

Yong Yi Yao Za Zhi [China Practical Medicine] 2007;2(9):106–7.

Tao 2007 {published data only}

Tao LY. Tanreqing injection in treating 50 cases with acute upper

respiratory tract infections. He Nan Zhong Yi [He Nan Traditional

Chinese Medicine] 2007;27(7):73.

Tian 1998 {published data only}

Tian JY. Observation of effect of Shuang huang lian oral liquid in

treating 48 upper respiratory infection. Chengdu Yi Yao [Chengdu

Medical Journal] 1998;24(1):20.

Tong 2004 {published data only}

Tong X. Esu oil and glucose injection in treating 60 cases with acute

upper respiratory tract infection. Haerbing Yi Yao 2004;24(2):15.

Wan 2003 {published data only}

Wan ZM. Observation of effect of Shuang huang lian injection in

treating childhood upper respiratory tract infection. Hua BeiMeiTan

Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Journal of North China Coal Medical College]

2003;5(5):614–5.

Wang 1995a {published data only}

Wang TS, Wang WH. Observation of effect of Shuang huang lian

in treating childhood upper respiratory infection with fever. Xi Nan

Guo Fang Yi Yao [Medical Journal of National Defending Forces in

Southwest China] 1995;5(2):98.

Wang 1995b {published data only}

Wang MY, Zhang YZ, Gao WH, Dong XS, Zhou SP. Effective observation

on Eshu oil in treating upper respiratory infection in 50

cases. Zhong Guo Xiang Chun Yi Yao Za Zhi 1995;2(11):495–6.

Wang 1996a {published data only}

Wang YC, Zhang WX. Effective observation on shuang Huanglian

powder injection in treating 46 cases with acute upper respiratory

tract infection. Jiangxi Zhong Yi Yao [Jiangxi Journal of Traditional

Chinese Medicine] 1996;27(2):32.

Wang 1996b {published data only}

Wang GL. Effective observation on Chinese herb dropping-rectum

in treating 80 cases with childhood acute upper respiratory tract

infection. Shi Yong Xiang Chun Yi Sheng Za Zhi [Practical Journal of

Rural Doctor] 1996;5:37.

Wang 1997a {published data only}

Wang SH, Zhang LQ, Chu CL, Tong XP, Li Y, Yang HJ, et

al.Observation of effect of Esu oil in treating childhood upper respiratory

tract infection. Qiqihaer Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Journal of

Qiqihar Medical College] 1997;18(2):104.

Wang 1997b {published data only}

Wang HR, Wang YF. Effective observation on Shuang Huanglian

oral liquid in treating childhood upper respiratory tract infection.

Qingdao Yi Yao Wei Sheng [Qingdao Medical Journal] 1997;29(11):

40.

Wang 1997c {published data only}

Wang GR,Hu ZY, Shen YL. Effective observation on shuang Huanglian

injection in treating 260 cases with upper respiratory tract infection.

Shi Yong Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi [The Practical Journal of

Integrating Chinese with Modern Medicine] 1997;10(20):1957.

Wang 1999a {published data only}

Wang YZ,Wu BD. Effective observation on Chinese herb cold granule

in treating children upper respiratory tract infection. Suzhou Yi

Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Acta Academiae Medicine Suzhou] 1999;19(3):

308.

Wang 2001a {published data only}

Wang JG, XuWL. Chinese herb in treating 120 cases with childhood

early acute upper respiratory tract infection. Xian Dai Zhong Xi Yi

Jie He Za Zhi [Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and

Western Medicine] 2001;10(1):37.

Wang 2001b {published data only}

Wang PD, Wei HQ. Chinese herb Jianer Qingjie liquid in treating

74 children with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Xinjiang

Zhong Yi Yao [Xinjiang Journal of TraditionalChineseMedicine] 2001;

19(3):45–6.

Wang 2001c {published data only}

Wang LY, Fan JY, Wu XJ. Observation of clinical effect of injected

Chuanhuning in treating upper respiratory tract infection

(264 cases). Haerbing Yi Yao 2001;21(4):12–3.

Wang 2001d {published data only}

Wang HY, Xv X. Chuanhuning in treating 156 cases with childhood

acute upper respiratory infection. Zhong Guo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Er

Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Otolaryngology Integrated

Traditional and Western Medicine] 2001;9(5):245.

Wang 2001e {published data only}

Wang HY, Xv X. Chuanhuning in treating 156 cases with childhood

acute upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Zhong Xi Yi JieHe

Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 23

Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.

Er Bi YanHou Ke Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Otolaryngology Integrated

Traditional and Western Medicine] 2001;9(6):284.

Wang 2003a {published data only}

Wang HY. The effect of antivirus pill for treating virus upper respiratory

infection of school aged children. Tianjin Yao Xue [Tianjin

Pharmacy] 2003;15(3):40.

Wang 2003b {published data only}

Wang YC, Hu GH. Yanhu Ning freeze dried powder injection in the

treatment of children and acute upper respiratory infection [Efficacy

of natrikalite dehydrographolid succinas pro injection in the treatment

of children acute upper respiratory infection]. Er Ke Yao Xue

Za Zhi [Journal of Pediatric Pharmacy] 2003;9(5):39–41.

Wang 2004b {published data only}

Wang M. Observation of effect of Chuanghuning in treating upper

respiratory tract infection. Zhong Hua Xian Dai Er Ke Xue Za Zhi

[Journal of Chinese Modern Pediatrics] 2004;1(2):164.

Wang 2004c {published data only}

Wang MY, He CH, Li X. Effective observation on Yuxin grass injection

in treating upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Zhong

Yi Ji Zheng [Journal of Emergency TraditionalChineseMedicine] 2004;

13(12):815.

Wang 2004d {published data only}

Wang FZ. Observation of effect of Qingkailing pulverization inbreath

in treating childhood acute upper respiratory tract infection.

Xian Dai Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi [Modern Journal of Integrated

Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine] 2004;13(22):3000–1.

Wang 2007a {published data only}

Wang HS. Efficacy of natrikalite dehydrographolid succinas pro injection

in the treatment of children acute upper respiratory infection.

Zhong Guo Ye Jin Gong Ye Yi Xue Za Zhi [Chinese Medical Journal of

Metallurgical Industry] 2007;24(3):314–5.

Wang 2007b {published data only}

Wang HF. Effective observation on Pudilan Xiaoyan tablets in treating

acute upper respiratory tract infection with wind cold syndrome.

Xian Dai Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi [Modern Journal of Integrated

Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine] 2007;16(10):1334–5.

Wang 2007c {published data only}

Wang XY, Xin JS. Qingkailing capsule in treating 60 cases with acute

upper respiratory tract infection. Shan Xi Zhong Yi [Shanxi Journal

of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2007;28(8):941–2.

Wang 2007d {published data only}

Wang W. Effective observation on Reduning injection in treating

children with upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Xian Dai

Yi Sheng [China

of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine] 2004;14(4):

233–4,6.

Liao 2004b {published data only}

Liao X, Yang Q, Qu JL, Gao X, Luo LY. Clinical observation on

Qingwen Jiedu soup in treating upper respiratory tract infection of flu

B virus. Jiangxi Zhong Yi Yao [Jiangxi Journal of Traditional Chinese

Medicine] 2004;35(9):22–3.

Lin 1999a {published data only}

Lin H, Li XY. Effective observation on Qingkailing granule in treating

160 cases with childhood virus upper respiratory tract infection.

Binzhou Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Journal of Binzhou Medical College]

1999;22(4):407.

Lin 2002 {published data only}

Lin XZ, Jia HM. Clinical study on Caihuang granule in treating

childhood upper respiratory tract infection. Zhi Ye Yu Jian Kang

[Occupation and Health] 2002;18(4):114–5.

Lin 2004 {published data only}

Lin XJ, Chen Y. Observation on treating child hyperpyrexia. Zhong

Hua Shi Yong Zhong Xi Yi Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of the Practical

Chinese with Modern Medicine] 2004;4(2):226.

Ling 2007 {published data only}

Ling XX. Effective observation on Tanreqing injection in treating 78

cases with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Liu Zhou Yi Xue

[Liu Zhou Medicine] 2007;20(3):213.

Liu 2000 {published data only}

Liu TH, Qi HR, Zhang H. Effect comparison of Chinese herb and

antibiotic in treating acute upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong

Ha Yi Yuan Gan Ran Xue Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology]

2000;10(5):394.

Liu 2001b {published data only}

Liu XC,Wang YC, Chen YJ. Clinical observation on heat-withdrawing

No.3 in treating 50 cases with upper respiratory tract infection.

Jiangsu Zhong Yi [Jiangsu Journal of traditional Chinese medicine]

2001;22(9):16–7.

Liu 2001c {published data only}

Liu RC, Zhang XH, Yang QZ.Manufacture and clinical application

of heat-cleaning detoxicfy oral liquid. Zhong Guo Yi Yuan Yao Xue

Za Zhi [Chinese Hospital Pharmacy Journal] 2001;21(9):562–3.

Liu 2003 {published data only}

Liu J, Yao CY, Ma L. Manufacture of laryngopharynx cleaning oral

liquid and effective observation on treating childhood upper respiratory

tract infection. Jiangsu Yao Xue Yu Lin Chuang Yan Jiu [Jiangsu

Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research] 2003;11(3):48–9.

Liu 2004a {published data only}

Liu T. Effective observation of Shanggantuire in treating acute virus

upper respiratory tract infection with fever in 55 cases. Xin Zhong Yi

[New Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2004;4(2):1488.

Liu 2004b {published data only}

Liu LB, Shi FN. Zhongjiefeng injection in combination with

jiemycin in treating 160 cases with acute upper respiratory tract infection.

Xian Dai Yi Yao Wei Sheng [Modern Medicine and Health]

2004;20(4):272.

Liu 2004c {published data only}

Liu DS. Clinical observation on integrated Chinese medicine and

western medicine in treating 72 cases with childhood acute upper

respiratory tract infection. Hu Xia Yi Xue [Acta Medicine Sinica]

2004;17(6):1003.

Liu 2008a {published data only}

Liu FX. Effective observation on Kanggan granules in treating infants

with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Wu Zhen

Xue Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Misdiagnostics] 2008;8(3):553–4.

Long 2000 {published data only}

Long QL, Zhang WC. Treating upper respiratory tract infection in

infants with injection of Radix Houttuyniae and ribavirin. Zhong

Guo Ming Zu Ming Jian Yi Yao Za Zhi [Journal of Medicine and

Pharmacy of Chinese Minorities] 2000;43(43):77–8,124.

Lu 2000 {published data only}

Lu HH, Shi Y, Shi YP. Zhikesan applying on vola pedis in treating

70 cases with childhood upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Yi

Wai Zhi [Journal of External Therapy of Traditional ChineseMedicine]

2000;9(5):4.

Lu 2001 {published data only}

Lu JW. Yuxincao injection pulverization in-breath in treating acute

upper respiratory tract infection. Ji Ceng Zhong Yao Za Zhi [Primary

Journal of Chinese Materia Medica] 2001;15(3):56.

Lu 2005 {published data only}

Lu LS, Wu YM. Clinical observation of children antifebrile drop

intestine liquid in treating 200 colds with fever. Jiangsu Zhong Yi Yao

[Jiangsu Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 1996;26(1):29–30.

Lu 2007 {published data only}

Lu JM. Effective observation on oral administration of Shuanghuanglian

andmuscular injection of Ribavirin in treating youth with acute

upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo She Qu Yi Shi [Chinese

Community Doctors] 2007;9(10):84.

Luo 2008 {published data only}

LuoGX.Clinical analysis of preserving enema of Traditional Chinese

Medicine in auxiliary treating acute upper respiratory tract infection.

Zhong Guo Wu Zhen Xue Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Misdiagnostics]

2008;8(7):1603.

Lv 2007 {published data only}

Lv LY, Zhou LQ. Effective observation on Sanyakuzufang in treating

118 cases with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Yi Xue Xin Xi

[Medical Information] 2007;20(5):827–8.

Ma 1996 {published data only}

Ma YS. Clinical controlled observation on Qingkailing in treating

128 children with severe acute upper respiratory tract infection. Yun-

nan Zhong Yi Zhong Yao Za Zhi [Yunnan Journal of Traditional Chi-

nese Medicine and Materia Medica] 1996;17(5):31–2.

Ma 2002a {published data only}

Ma AZ, Qiu YZ, Lin YX. Eshu oil in treating 50 children with upper

respiratory tract infection. ZhongGuo Yao Ye [China Pharmaceuticals]

2002;11(1):80.

Ma 2002b {published data only}

MaH,Zhang JP. Qingbian pellet in treating 158 cases with childhood

acute upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Yi Yao Yan Jiu [Research

of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2002;18(6):10.

Ma 2005 {published data only}

Ma YJ, ShiML.Clinical analysis ofE shu oil injection in combination

with Ribavirin in treating childhood acute upper respiratory tract

Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 21

Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.

infection. Lin Chuang Yi Yao Shi Jian Za Zhi [Proceeding of Clinical

Medicine] 2005;14(1):44–5.

Meng 2007 {published data only}

Meng LH, Cui H, Huang H. Clinical observation on Reduning

injection in treating acute upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong

Guo Yi Yao Dao Bao [China Medical Herald] 2007;4(36):89.

Miu 2002 {published data only}

Miu YL, Gen N, Li J. Effective observation on mixed Yuxin grass in

treating 186 children aged 2 years at least with severe upper respiratory

tract infection. Lin Chuang Yi Xue [Clinical Medicine] 2002;22

(3):53–4.

Mu 2004 {published data only}

Mu RY. Chuanxinlian in combination with Ribavirin in treating 62

cases with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Yi Yao Dao Bao

[Herald of Medicine] 2004;23(3):167.

Ou 1996 {published data only}

Ou YX. Effective observation on large dosage of Yuxin grass in treating

children upper respiratory tract infection. Jiangxi Zhong Yi Yao

[Jiangxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 1996;27(5):27–8.

Pan 1999 {published data only}

Pan WW. Integrated Chinese and western medicine in treating 60

children with upper respiratory tract infection. Shi Yong Zhong Yi

Yao Za Zhi [Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine] 1999;

15(11):25.

Pan 2001a {published data only}

PanHP, Jin SH,Zeng SZ,WuCL,DuH,MengDP.Xiaoer reganning

koufuye vs shuang Huanglian in treating acute upper respiratory

infection of children. Guangxi Yi Xue [Guangxi Medical Journal]

2001;23(1):1–3.

Pan 2001b {published data only}

Pan HP, Du H, Jin SH, Wu CL, Zeng SZ, Meng DP. Study on

antipyretic action of Xiaoerreganning oral solution on acute upper

respiratory tract infection of children. Zhong Cheng Yao [Chinese

Traditional Patent Medicine] 2001;23(9):652–4.

Pan 2002a {published data only}

Pan HP, Du H, Jin SH, Wu CL, Zeng SZ, Meng DP. Study of

xiaoer reganning koufuye to treat acute upper respiratory infection of

children and its acceptability. Zhong Guo XianDai Ying Yong Yao Xue

Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Modern Application Pharmacology] 2002;

19(1):66–8.

Pan 2002b {published data only}

Pan HP, Du H, Jin SH, Wu CL, Zeng SZ, Meng DP, et al.Clinical

study of Xiaoer reganning oral liquid in treatment of children’s upper

respiratory tract infections. Zhong Guo Yi Yuan Yong Yao Ping Jia

Yu Fen Xi [Evaluation and analysis of drug-use in hosp

Ji 2008 {published data only}

Ji TM. Effective observation on Shuanghuanglian injection ultrasonic

pulverization in treating 50 cases with upper respiratory tract

infection. NeiMengGu Zhong Yi Yao [Nei Mongol Journal of Tradi-

tional Chinese Medicine] 2008;27(3):26.

Jia 1997 {published data only}

Jia SL, Deng WG. Clinical effect observation on Chinese herb in

treating children acute upper respiratory tract infection. Sichuan

Sheng Wei Sheng Guan Li Gan Bu Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Journal of

Sichuan Continuing Education College of Medical Sciences] 1997;16

(3):148–50.

Jiang 2000 {published data only}

Jiang Y. Observation on integrated Chinese and western medicine in

treating upper respiratory tract infection. Shi Yong Zhong Yi Yao Za

Zhi [Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2000;16(2):

24–5.

Jiang 2001 {published data only}

Jiang PY, Zhao CB, Hong LJ. Qingzao granule in treating 264 cases

with virus upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Zhong Yi Yao

Ke Ji [Chinese Journal of Traditional Medical Science and Technology]

2001;8(3):151.

Jiang 2002 {published data only}

Jiang F. Effective observation on Yuxin grass injection in treating 80

cases with childhood upper respiratory tract infection. Nantong Yi

Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Acta AcademiaeMedicinae Nantong] 2002;22(4):

461.

Jiang 2003a {published data only}

JiangM, XiongNN, Xi ZQ, Zou JD.Clinical trial for YinHua JieDu

granule in the treatment of upper respiratory infection and influenza

with wind-heat syndrome. Zhong Yao Xin Yao Yu Lin Chuang Yao Li

[Traditional Chinese Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacology] 2003;

14(4):270–2.

Jiang 2004 {published data only}

Jiang YJ, Li L, ZhouM. Integrated Chinese and western medicine in

treating 289 cases with acute upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong

Guo Min Jian Liao Fa [China’s Naturopathy] 2004;12(12):6–7.

Jiang 2005 {published data only}

Jiang YF, Bao HL. Effective observation on Tanreqin in treating 60

cases with upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Hua Shi Yong Yi

Yao Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Practical Medicine] 2005;5(5):416.

Jiang 2007 {published data only}

Jiang XM. Treatment of infantile upper respiratory infection with

Shuanghuanglian powder. Er Ke Xue Za Zhi [Journal of Pediatric

Pharmacy] 2007;13(2):50–2.

Jin 2000 {published data only}

Jin X, Yao L, Xu JY, Hu HY, He X. Child heat-cleaning and coughstopping

oral liquid in treating acute virus upper respiratory tract

infection. Zhong Yi Yao Xin Xi [Information on Traditional Chinese

Medicine] 2000;1:42–3.

Jin 2001 {published data only}

Jin H. Observation of effect of antibiotic plus Shuang huang lian

in treating childhood upper respiratory tract infection. Heihe Ke Ji

[Heihe Science and Technology] 2001;1:41.

Jin 2007 {published data only}

Jin AX. Observation of therapeutic effect of Yanhuning in treating

102 childhood upper respiratory tract infection. Shi Yong Yi Ji Za

Zhi [Journal of Practical Medical Techniques] 2007;14(35):4842–3.

Jing 2007 {published data only}

Jing MF, Zhao P, Huang WQ. Shuanghuanglian powder injection

in treating 46 children with upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong

Guo Zhong Yi Ji Zheng [Journal of Emergency in Traditional Chinese

Medicine] 2007;16(9):1132.

Ju 2002 {published data only}

Ju SH. Clinical analysis of Chuanhuning in treating 170 cases with

acute upper respiratory tract infection. Shandong Yi Yao [Shangdong

Medical Journal] 2002;42(16):75.

Ke 2007 {published data only}

Ke J, Yang Y. Clinical observation on Shuanghuanglian tablet in

treating upper respiratory tract infection. Hu Bei Zhong Yi Xue Yuan

Xue Bao [Journal of Hubei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine]

2007;9(4):53–4.

Kong 2000 {published data only}

Kong NH. Report of Eshu oil in treating 40 cases with acute upper

respiratory tract infection. Jingmen Zhi Ye Ji Shu Xue Yuan Xue Bao

[Journal of Jingmen Vocational Technical College] 2000;15(6):74.

Lai 2000 {published data only}

LaiWL, PanBQ,An SL.Observation of effect of Yuxin grass injection

in treating childhood upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Yi Yao

Xin Xi [Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2000;2:59.

Lan 2005 {published data only}

Lan CQ. Qingshujianpi soup in treating 156 cases with upper respiratory

tract infection in summer. Xin Zhong Yi [New Journal of

Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2005;37(4):71–2.

Li 1994 {published data only}

Li JX, Li WJ. Shenshusan in treating childhood upper respiratory

tract infection combined with diarrhea. Jiao Tong Yi Xue 1994;8(1):

197–8.

Li 1997 {published data only}

Li FQ, Li JY. Shuang Huanglian liquid ultrasonic pulverization inbreath

in treating upper respiratory tract infection in 120 cases.

Shizhen Guo Yao Yan Jiu [Shizhen Journal of Traditional Chinese

Medicine Research] 1997;8(6):495.

Li 1998a {published data only}

Li YQ, Peng BY. Qingkailing granule in treating 82 cases with childhood

virus upper respiratory tract infection with fever. Anhui Zhong

Yi Lin Chuang Za Zhi [Clinical Journal of Anhui Traditional Chinese

Medicine] 1998;10(3):147–8.

Li 1998b {published data only}

Li YP, Shi MC, Yang XY, Yuan JL. Pharmic effect experiment and

200 clinical observation of heat-cleaning and antidotal syrup. Xi

Nan Guo Fang Yi Yao [Medical Journal of National Defending Forces

in Southwest China] 1998;8(4):241–3.

Li 1998c {published data only}

Li WX, Zhang HB. Effective observation on Eshu oil and glucose

injection in treating childhood acute upper respiratory tract infection

in 120 cases. Zhong Guo Yao Ye [China Pharmaceuticals] 1998;7(7):

56–7.

Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 19

Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.

Li 1998d {published data only}

LiXZ, Song YX, LiZG, YangGL,Wang YF, LiMX, et al.Observation

on therapeutic efficacy of Qingjiemixture on acute upper respiratory

infection in wind-heat type. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Shi Yong Lin Chuang

Ji Jiu [Integrated Traditional Chinese andWestern Medicine in Practice

of Critical Care Medicine] 1998;5(11):506–8.

Li 1999b {published data only}

LiHX,Wang SG.Chuan hu ning in treating 80 cases with childhood

upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Zhong Yi Yao Xin Xi Za

Zhi [Chinese Journal of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine]

1999;6(1):52–3.

Li 1999c {published data only}

Li CW, Zhou B. Effective observation on children cold granule in

treating 103 children. Hua Xi Yao Xue Za Zhi [West China Journal of

Pharmaceutical Sciences] 1999;14(5-6):418.

Li 2000a {published data only}

LiXW, Jia LR.Observation for effect of ShuangHuang Lian injection

in the treatment of acute upper respiratory infection in 50 cases.

Sichuan sheng wei sheng guan li gan bu xue yuan xue bao [Journal of

Sichuan Continuing Education College of MS] 2000;19(1):52.

Li 2000c {published data only}

Li DM, Liu JP, Yao GF. Observation of effect of Chuanhuning in

treating childhood acute upper respiratory tract infection. Neimenggu

Zhong Yi Yao [Neimongol Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine]

2000;4:7.

Li 2002c {published data only}

Li X. Clinical observation on self-regulating Yinhao soup in treating

upper respiratory tract infection. Sichuan Zhong Yi [Journal of

Sichuan of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2002;20(5):41.

Li 2003a {published data only}

Li SJ. Effective analysis of little caihu granule in treating childhood

upper respiratory tract infection. Hebei Yi Yao [Hebei Medical Jour-

nal] 2003;25(1):47.

Li 2003b {published data only}

Li YL. The clinical observation of Qing Kan Ling injection for treating

56 acute upper respiratory infection. Tianjin Zhong Yi Yao [Tian-

jin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2003;20(1):79–80.

Li 2003c {published data only}

Li HY, Yang YH. Observation to the effects of Shuanghuanglian on

acute upper respiratory infection of children. Er Ke Yao Xue Za Zhi

[Journal of Pediatric Pharmacy] 2003;9(1):61–2.

Li 2003d {published data only}

Li JM, Chen ZY, Lin CS. Effective observation of Chuanhuning

powder injection combined with antibiotic in treating 160 cases with

upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Zhong Yi Ji Zheng [Jour-

nal of Emergency Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2003;12(1):37.

Li 2003e {published dat

Guo Xian Dai Yao Wu Ying Yong [Chinese Journal of Modern Drug

Application] 2008;2(11):101.

Cheng 1997 {published data only}

ChengCF,Tan SE,WangXK,Xi SB,ZhangDG,He ST.Observation

for effects of Xiong Dan Fen Niu Huang Wan in the treatment of

acute upper respiratory tract infection in 30 cases. Hunan Zhong Yi

Za Zhi [Hunan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 1997;13(5):

8,37.

Cheng 1999 {published data only}

Cheng CX, Zhang LY,Niu XF, Zhang JH.Huangzi flower oral liquid

in treating 120 children with acute upper respiratory tract infection.

Beijing Zhong Yi Yao Da Xue Xue Bao [Journal of Beijing University of

Traditional Chinese Medicine] 1999;22(3):75–6.

Cong 2005 {published data only}

Cong LP, Liu B. Result observation of treating urgent fore respiratory

tract infection with Yanhuning injection. Zhong Hua Shi Yong Zhong

Xi Yi Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of the Practical Chinese with Modern

Medicine] 2005;18(15):503.

Cui 2007 {published data only}

Cui H, Yang XZ. Tuire Mixture in treating 82 children with acute

upper respiratory tract infection with fever. Zhong Guo Zhong Yi Yao

Xin Xi Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Information on Traditional Chinese

Medicine] 2007;14(3):60.

Dai 1997 {published data only}

Dai QL, Dai Q, Hua J, Song WW, Chen FX, Chen RY. Clinical

effect of bine tea granule in treating 118 children with acute upper

respiratory tract infection. Hai Xia Yao Xue [Strait Pharmaceutical

Journal] 1997;9(1):122–3.

Dai 2001 {published data only}

Dai YH, Fan L, Wu YL. Clinical observation on Eshu oil and glucose

injection in treating 85 cases with acute upper respiratory tract

infection. Guangdong Yao Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Academic Journal of

Guangdong College of Pharmacy] 2001;17(3):225–7.

Deng 2001 {published data only}

Deng XZ, Lin SH. Shuang Huanglian combined with antibiotic in

treating upper respiratory tract infection. Hai Xia Yao Xue [Strait

Pharmaceutical Journal] 2001;13(1):59.

Deng 2002a {published data only}

Deng LP, Wang LB. Chuanhuning in treating 210 cases with upper

respiratory tract infection. Xinjiang Zhong Yi Yao [Xinjiang Journal

of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2002;20(1):22.

Deng 2002b {published data only}

Deng WG, Li Y, Luo FK, Chen XY, Huang ZX, Liang XL, et

al.Comparative observations on efficacy of Chuanhuning injection

and Ribavirin in treating acute upper respiratory tract infection.

Lingnan Jin Zhen Yi Xue Za Zhi [Lingnan Journal of Emergency

Medicine] 2002;7(2):101–2.

Deng 2007 {published data only}

Deng C. Yanhuning injection in treating 200 children with acute upper

respiratory tract infection. Shi Yong Lin Chuang Yi Xue [Practical

Clinical Medicine] 2007;8(10):82–9.

Di 2004 {published data only}

Di SX, Din H, Zhu QL. Observation of effect of mountain plum

leaf granule in treating childhood upper respiratory tract infection.

Yao Pin Ping Jia [Drug Evaluation] 2004;1(3):224.

Diao 2003 {published data only}

Diao RZ, Xi ZQ. Brief summary for a clinical trial of YinHua Jie Du

granule in the treatment of upper respiratory infection with windheat

syndrome. Shandong Zhong Yi Yao Da Xue Xue Bao [Journal

of Shangdong University of Traditional ChineseMedicine] 2003;27(2):

127–9.

Dong 2002 {published data only}

Dong BG, Fang YJ. Effective observation on Jianer Qingjie liquid in

treating 142 cases with childhood upper respiratory tract infection.

Zhong Hua Yi Xue Zong Kan Za Zhi [ChinaMedicine Bulletin] 2002;

2(10):57.

Du 2003 {published data only}

Du HJ, Yu ZX. Xiyanping in treating 40 cases with upper respiratory

tract infection. Shi Yong Zhen Duan Yu Zhi Liao Za Zhi [Journal of

Practical Diagnosis and Therapy] 2003;17(6):486.

Duan 1995 {published data only}

Duan XM, Ning GJ, Liu JJ, Yu L. Observation of effect of Shuang

huang lian powder in treating childhood virus upper respiratory tract

infection. Heilongjiang Yi Xue [Heilongjiang Medical Journal] 1995;

10:40.

Duan 2007 {published data only}

Duan LY,Ma YL. Clinical application Qingkailing powder injection

by spray inhalation in treating upper respiratory tract infection. Xian

Dai Yi Yao Wei Sheng [Modern Medicine & Health] 2007;23(10):

1529–30.

Fan 2007 {published data only}

Fan YJ. Effective observation on Jianer Qingjieye in treating children

with upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Yi Yao Dao Bao

[China Medical Herald] 2007;4(34):63.

Fu 2002 {published data only}

Fu PX. IntegratedChinesemedicine and westernmedicine in treating

69 children with upper respiratory tract infection. Fujian Zhong Yi

Yao [Fujian Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2002;33(4):31.

Gan 2000 {published data only}

Gan XY, Chi X. Controlled study of Yuxin grass injection pulverization

in-breath in treating childhood upper respiratory tract infection.

Yichun Yi Zhuan Xue Bao [Journal of Yichun Medical College] 2000;

12(3):206.

Gao 1999a {published data only}

Gao HL. Xiaoer Resuqing in the treatment of 112 children with

upper respiratory tract infection with high fever. Zhong Guo Zhong

Yi Yao Xin Xi Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Information on Traditional

Chinese Medicine] 1999;6(1):52.

Gao 1999b {published data only}

Gao QF. Shuang Huanglian oral liquid in treating 60 children with

upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Ji Ceng Yi Yao [Chinese

Journal of Primary Medicine and Pharmacy] 1999;6(6):378–9.

Gao 2000 {published data only}

Gao JH, Li P. ShuangHuanglian in treating 120 cases with childhood

acute upper respiratory tract infection with fever. Xian Dai Zhong

Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi [Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese

and Western Medicine] 2000;9(9):840.

Gu 2005b {published data only}

Gu ZY. Effective observation on Yuxin grass in treating upper respiratory

tract infection. Xian Dai Yi Yao Wei Sheng [Modern Medicine

and Health] 2005;21(2):147–8.

Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 17

Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.

Guan 2001 {published data only}

Guan SP. Chuanhuning in treating childhood upper respiratory tract

infection. Zhong Yi Yao Yan Jiu [Research of Traditional Chinese

Medicine] 2001;17(3):33–62.

Guo 2000a {published data only}

Guo FL, Chen GX, Xiao SA, Lin LJ, Meng CP. Comparative observation

between naproxen enema and injection amilerdine. Xinxiang

Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Journal of Xinxiang Medical College] 2000;17

(3):189–90.

Guo 2003a {published data only}

Guo ZZ,Ma CX, Jiao SH.Clinical observation on Yuxin injection in

treating upper respiratory tract infection. Chengdu Yi Yao [Chengdu

Medical Journal] 2003;29(2):81–2.

Guo 2003b {published data only}

Guo XH, Zhu L, Zhao YP. Observation of effect of Yuxin grass

pulverization in-breath in treating 50 cases with childhood upper

respiratory tract infection. ZhongYuanYiKan [CentralPlainsMedical

Journal] 2003;30(23):28–9.

Guo 2007 {published data only}

Guo XL, Zhi XY. Yanhuning injection in treating 30 children with

acute upper respiratory tract infection. XianDai Zhong Yi Yao [Mod-

ern Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2007;27(3):20.

Guo 2008a {published data only}

Guo XH, Duan JW, Guo AH. Integrated traditional Chinese and

western medicine in treating 80 children with acute upper respiratory

tract infection. He Nan Zhong Yi [HeNan Traditional Chinese

Medicine] 2008;28(3):57–8.

Guo 2008b {published data only}

Guo L. Effective observation onTanreqing injection in treating childhood

upper respiratory tract infection with fever. Zhong Guo Zhong

Yi Ji Zheng [Journal of Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine]

2008;16(1):28–33.

Han 2002 {published data only}

Han X, Fan SK, Ding JF, Liu HX. Clinical observation of Qingkailing

oral liquid in treating acute upper respiratory tract infection. Bei-

jing Zhong Yi Yao Da Xue Xue Bao [Journal of Beijing University of

Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2002;25(2):75–7.

Han 2004 {published data only}

Han ZX. Observation on Danmu injection in treating childhood

acute upper respiratory tract infection. Shi Yong Zhong Yi Yao Za Zhi

[Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2004;20(12):701.

Han 2008 {published data only}

Han J, Chen LP, Zhong BL. Effective observation on Yanhuning

injection in treating adult with virus upper respiratory tract infection.

Lin Chuang Yi Xue [Cli

继续贴。

R E F E R E N C E S

References to studies included in this review

Chang 2002 {published data only}

Chang J, Chen GY, Zhang RM, Mao B, Xia Q, Li YQ. Shan Han

Jie Re oral decoction versus Biao Shi Gan Mao decoction in the

treatment for acute upper respiratory tract infection. A randomised

controlled trial. Hua Xi Yi Xue [West China Medical Journal] 2002;

17(3):335–6.

Chang 2005 {published data only}

Chang J, Li TQ, Wan MH, Zhang RM, Zhang Y, Wang L, et al.A

double-blind randomized controlled trial of jinlianqingre capsule

in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infection (external

wind-heat syndrome). Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

2005;5(8):593–8.

Chang 2007 {published data only}

Chang J, Zhang Y, Mao B, Wang L, Li TQ, Zhang RM. A doubleblind,

randomized controlled trial ofChaige QingreGranule in treating

acute upper respiratory tract infection of wind heat syndrome.

Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao [Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine]

2007;5(2):141–6.

Chen 2004 {published data only}

Chen Q, Gan C, Xiong CF, Xiang XX, Wang MQ. Evaluation for

effects ofGeGenCen LianWeiWan in the treatment of children with

upper respiratory tract infection with wind-heat syndrome. Zhong

Guo Yi Yuan Yao Xue Za Zhi [Chinese Hospital Pharmacy Journal]

2004;24(12):768–70.

Li 1998 {published data only}

Li ZH, Zhang GC, Wang SC, Zhang H, Cheng SQ. Evaluation for

clinical effect of QingWen granule in the treatment of children with

wind heat cold. Di Si Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao [Journal of Fourth

Military Medical University] 1998;19(6):714–5.

Li 1999a {published data only}

Li CS, Wang XS, Chen SM, Yuan CQ, Li J, Wang XM, et al.A

clinical study for Qing Kai Lin injection in the treatment of acute

upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za

Zhi [Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine]

1999;19(4):212–4.

Liu 2002 {published data only}

Liu D, Lv J, Yang QH. The observation of antivirus pill for treating

50 childhood upper respiratory infection. Tianjin Yao Xue [Tian Jin

Pharmacy] 2002;14(6):54.

Ma 2000 {published data only}

Ma BX, Duan XY, Wang ZC, Zhai WS, Wang YH, Ma YH, et

al.Clinical and experimental study on Shuang Hua aerosol in the

treatment of children with upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong

Guo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Integrated Tradi-

tional and Western Medicine] 2000;20(9):653–5.

Pan 2000 {published data only}

Pan HP, Jin SH, Wu CL, Du H. Clinical study of Xiao Er Re Gan

Ning oral decoction in the treatment of children with acute upper

respiratory infection. Yi XueWen Xuan [Anthology ofMedicine] 2000;

19(6):835–6.

Song 2004a {published data only}

Song L, Li ZP, Kong FJ. Observation for effective of external therapy

by Chinese herb in the treatment of children with upper respiratory

tract infection with fever. Zhong Yi Wai Zhi Za Zhi [Journal of

External Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2004;13(6):22–3.

Wang 1998 {published data only}

Wang BL, LiuZJ, Fan YC. Jian Er Qing Jie decoction in the treatment

of 31 children with upper respiratory infection. Zhong Guo Xin Yao

Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of New Drugs] 1998;7(3):218–9.

Wang 2004 {published data only}

Wang YS, Zou JD, Fu WM, Jiang M. Clinical research of oral Shu

Feng cold liquid in treating upper respiratory infection. Shan Xi

Zhong Yi Xue Yuan Xue Bao [Journal of Shanxi College of Traditional

Chinese Medicine] 2004;5(4):21–2.

Wang 2008a {published data only}

Wang L, Zhang RM, Zhao YL, Feng GX, Pan DJ, Huang XY, et al.A

multiple center, randomized, controlled, double-blinded and doubledummy

trial of Yiqing Shuangjie Capsule and tablet in treating acute

upper respiratory tract infection with the syndrome of heat attacking

the lung and Weifen. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao [Journal of Chinese

Integrative Medicine] 2008;6(2):139–47.

Yang 2000 {published data only}

Yang HC, YuanMF. Observation for effects of HuangHu Jie Re Dai

Pao Ji in the treatment of 60 children with acute upper respiratory

tract infection. Xin Zhong Yi [New Journal of Traditional Chinese

Medicine] 2000;32(5):13–4.

Yu 1997 {published data only}

Yu J, Shi SM, Wang YH. The research of Chai Qin Qing Re mini

enema in the treatment of children with upper respiratory infection.

Liaoning Zhong Yi Za Zhi [Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese

Medicine] 1997;24(11):492–3.

Yu 2005 {published data only}

Yu BL, Ma TH. Shan Han Jie Re oral decoction in the treatment of

60 cold with high fever (wind cold syndrome). Zhong Guo Zhong

Yi Yao Xin Xi Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Information on Traditional

Chinese Medicine] 2005;12(1):68–9.

Zhang 2008 {published data only}

Zhang B, Xi ZQ, Zou JD. Evaluation for safety of Qinyin injection in

treating upper respiratory tract infection with wind cold syndrome.

Liaoning Zhong Yi YaoDa Xue Xue Bao [Journal of LiaoningUniversity

of Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2008;10(3):74–5.

References to studies excluded from this review

Bao 2000a {published data only}

Bao QW. Chuanhuning in treating 154 cases with childhood acute

upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za

Zhi [Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine]

2000;20(5):334.

Bao 2000b {published data only}

BaoQW. Effective observation on treating infantile upper respiratory

tract infection by Chuanhu Ning in 154 cases. Zhong Hua Shi Yong

Zhong Xi Yi Za Zhi [Chinese Journal of the Practical Chinese with

Modern Medicine] 2000;13(9):1823.

Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 15

Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.

Bao 2001 {published data only}

Bao LQ. Clinical observation of Yujin injection in treating 68 cases

with upper respiratory tract infection. Yao Xue Shi Jian Za Zhi [The

Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice] 2001;19(6):328.

Bao 2003 {published data only}

Bao ZM. Qingkaining injection in treating 40 cases with virus upper

respiratory tract infection. Shanxi Zhong Yi [Shanxi Journal of

Traditional Chinese Medicine] 2003;19(2):30.

Cai 1994 {published data only}

Cai JN, Zhao XD. Ganmaoling spray in treating 46 cases with upper

respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Zhong Yi Ji Zheng [Journal of

Emergency Traditional Chinese Medicine] 1994;3(3):142.

Cai 2007 {published data only}

Cai ZQ, Qian RR. Clinical study of shuanghuanglian infusion in

acute upper respiratory infection. XianDai Yi YaoWei Sheng [Modern

Medicine & Health] 2007;23(8):1118–9.

Cao 1994 {published data only}

Cao LH, Li HR. Taurine for treating upper respiratory infection of

150 children. Zhong Guo Xin Yao Yu Lin Chuang Za Zhi [New Drugs

and Clinical Remedies] 1994;13(4):237–8.

Cao 1998 {published data only}

Cao YL. Clinical observation on Qingkailing in treating acute upper

respiratory tract infection. Shanghai Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi [Shanghai

Journal of Preventive Medicine] 1998;10(1):48.

Cao 2003 {published data only}

Cao SQ. Ciluofangxue for treating 40 upper respiratory infection

with fever. Hebei Zhong Yi [Hebei Journal of Traditional Chinese

Medicine] 2004;26(3):205.

Chen 1994 {published data only}

Chen BY, Yin XZ,Hu SY, Qiao WP, Liu H. The clinical observation

of Shu Re Ning for treating 169 summer cold with fever. Zhong Guo

Zhong Yi Ji Zheng [Journal of Emergency TraditionalChineseMedicine]

1994;3(5):215.

Chen 1995 {published data only}

Chen QL, Yan ZL, Wang ZQ. Observation of effect of oral Chuan

xin lian in treating acute upper respiratory tract infection (104 cases).

Henan Zhen Du Yu Zhi Liao Za Zhi [Henan Journal of Diagnosis and

Therapy] 1995;9(3):171.

Chen 1997 {published data only}

Chen Q,Wang SF. Effective observation on shuang Huanglian powder

injection in treating children upper respiratory tract infection.

Jiangxi Zhong Yi Yao [Jiangxi Journal of Traditional ChineseMedicine]

1997;28(1):35.

Chen 2001 {published data only}

Chen TJ. Zhubohouzao in preventing and treating 60 cases with

repeat upper respiratory tract infection. Zhong Guo Xiang Chun Yi

Yao Za Zhi 2001;8(11):26.

Chen 2004a {published data only}

Chen ZH. Qingkailing injection in treating 50 cases with upper

respiratory tract infection with fever. Jilin Zhong Yi Yao [Journal of

Traditional Chi

5. Duration of fever

Five trials reported no difference in the duration of fever between

the intervention and control groups. Two of these trials reported

no difference in the number of participants whose temperatures

were normalised within 24 hours (Chang 2002), 48 hours and 72

hours (Yu 1997): Sanhan Jiere Koufuye versus (Fenghan) Biaoshi

Ganmao Chongji (RR 1.02 95% CI 0.85 to 1.22) (Chang 2002);

and Caichen Qinre Weixin Guanchangji versus virazole and acetaminophen

(RR 1.46, 95% CI 0.89 to 2.40, and RR 0.33, 95%

CI 0.11 to 0.99, respectively) (Yu 1997).

Likewise, another three trials (Chang 2002; Chang 2005; Wang

2008a) showed no difference in duration of fever between the two

groups (WMD -0.29 hours, 95% CI -2.26 to 1.68, WMD -3.91

hours, 95%CI -8.24 to 0.42,WMD 4.20 hours, 95%CI -1.41 to

9.81 and WMD 3.62 hours, 95% CI -2.74 to 9.98, respectively).

Three trials (Chang 2005; Li 1998; Wang 1998) reported a statistically

significantly shorter duration of fever in the treatment

group compared to the control group 2.02, 6.90 and 5.70 hours,

respectively (WMD -2.02, 95% CI -3.86 to -0.18; WMD -6.90,

95% CI -9.94 to -3.86, and WMD -5.70, 95% CI -10.09 to -

1.31, respectively). One study (Li 1998) showed that in the treatment

group the average duration of fever was longer than control

group by 11.60 hours (WMD -11.60, 95% CI -15.65 to -7.55).

Another trial (Wang 2008a) showed no statistically significant differences

in the time to resolution of fever in the treatment group

A and B as compared to the control group (WMD -2.06 hours,

95% CI -5.02 to 0.90, and WMD -1.44 hours, 95% CI -4.70 to

1.82).

6. Adverse events

None of the trials reported any adverse events, according to our

definitions.

7. Additional outcomes

Seven trials (Chang 2002; Chang 2005; Chang 2007; Chen 2004;

Wang 2004; Wang 2008a; Yu 2005) reported effects on TCM

signs. We only analysed data in two studies (Chang 2005; Chen

2004). There were no statistically significant differences between

the two groups in these trials.

D I S C U S S I O N

Summary of main results

Studies of Chinese herbal medicines for the common cold lack

sufficient power to provide reliable estimates of their efficacy, due

to poor study design and methodological quality.

Although Chinese herbal medicines as a treatment for the common

cold and the methods of manufacturing these medicines are

widely accepted in China, most of the constituents of the pharmacologically

prepared drugs used in trials cannot be specified.

This is in marked contrast to the pharmacological agents used

in Western medicine, for which the chemical constituents, their

quantities and the percentage of any impurities or contaminants

are precisely known. In addition, the variation between different

production batches of Western medicines is kept within specified

limits. In contrast, variation between formulations and batches

of pharmacological agents are inevitable in traditional Chinese

medicine (TCM), although the Chinese Government specifies the

acceptable limits of variation. This variation is a factor that may

contribute to any heterogeneity between different study results.

A large number of the trials initially identified claimed to be randomised

controlled trials (RCTs). However, after contacting the

trial authors to request information regarding the method of randomisation

used, we found that more than 95% of the authors

misunderstood the concept of randomisation. In addition to this,

some of the studies were conducted several years ago, and the trial

authors may have forgotten the details of the methodology they

employed. This could lead to a memory bias and undermine the

veracity of information.

Some studies (Chang 2002; Li 1998; Li 1999a; Ma 2000; Wang

2004; Yang 2000; Yu 1997) used unequal arms in their design.

Of these studies, Yu 1997 used a proportion of 3:1, and only 15

patients were included in the control group (43:15). However,

consideration of the sample sizes was not reported in these trials,

which makes it difficult to detect the differences between the two

groups accurately. This may lead to a low test power.

Finally, we considered it pertinent to attempt to compare selected

TCMsigns in different groups of participants. TCMsigns are difficult

to quantify because they use subjective outcomes. For example,

’wu han’ means that the participant feels cold whilst also

having a fever, and this can be divided into low, medium and high

categories, depending on the participants’ subjective view. ’Mai xiang’measures

the pulse; in TCMit is a complex and difficult technique

to judge this accurately and often dependent upon on the

physician’s experience.TCMresearchers and physicians should decide

upon an accurate and consistent method of measuring TCM

signs.

Quality of the evidence

None of the trials included in this review used a placebo as a control:

instead “positive effect drugs” were selected. Two studies (

Chang 2005; Chang 2007) mentioned that the rule of selecting

the control drug was that “the effect was generally acknowledged”.

This may result in false positive findings, as a number of interventions

are considered effective for the common cold, particularly if

trial conductors know that a “positive” drug was used in the trial

and the purpose of the study was to demonstrate the same effect

as the control (so called “equal effect test”). For example, Chang

2005 compared two different forms of the same ingredient. In this

Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 13

Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.

case, “double blinding” would not be a valid term. This may result

in false positive findings: if the trialist knows that a “positive” drug

was used and the study was an “equal effect test” study, there is

a potential risk that the outcome detectors will give same results

for the two groups. For example, the purpose of Chang 2005 was

to compare two different forms of the same drug; one was in a

granule form and the other was in a capsule form and the trialists

were aware of this. Therefore, there was a possibility that the

results were not scrutinised carefully - particularly the subjective

outcomes. In this case “double blinding” does not have any value.

We found that three trials claimed to have used ’double blinding’ (

Chang 2005; Chang 2007; Yang 2000) and one used ’single blinding’

(Chen 2004). These studies found a similar recovery rate as

the “positive” control. Two of the ’double blinding’ studies (Wang

2004; Wang 2008a) found the recovery rate in the intervention

group to be higher than the control group by almost 50% (Wang

2004 RR 1.43; Wang 2008a RR 1.59 and RR 1.67). However,

Wang 2004 lacked a description of how to verify the success of the

blinding. Another trial (Pan 2000) found the marked improvement

rate in the intervention group to be higher than the control

group (RR 1.69). For a disease like the common cold, which can

go into spontaneous remission within one week, it is very difficult

to find that the effect of a new drug is better than the “positive

effect” of the control drugs.We have to point out that the possible

reason that the relative risk is so high is that a high risk of selection

bias, detection bias or both may have existed in the studies where

the effects were similar or higher than “positive effect” controls.

Many trials incorrectly used drugs whose effects have not been

demonstrated as a control. Thus it is difficult to determine the

efficacy of the intervention by comparison.Where the intervention

is equal in efficacy to the control, no conclusion can be made.

For example, the average rate of recovery from the common cold

was the same for those participants taking Jinlian Qinre capsules

(intervention) and JinlianQinre granules (control) (Chang 2005).

Since there is no evidence assessing the efficacy of Jinlian Qinre

granules, we therefore cannot determine the efficacy of Jinlian

Qinre capsules.

Potential biases in the review process

We found the formulations of interventions in five studies (Ma

2000; Pan 2000; Yang 2000; Yu 1997; Yu 2005) were prepared

by either the trial authors or colleagues in their ho

methods of double blinding. Other trials did not mention how

they used blinding.

Follow up and exclusions

Assessment for potential bias exclusions and attrition

Six trials (Chang 2002; Chang 2005; Chang 2007; Wang 2004;

Wang 2008a; Zhang 2008) reported a loss of participants for the

above listed reasons.Three trials (Chang 2005;Chang 2007;Wang

2008a) used both ITT and per-protocol analysis, and two trials (

Chang 2002; Wang 2004) used per-protocol analysis only.

Selective reporting

Assessment for reporting bias

Selective reporting was not identified in the trials.

Effects of interventions

We performed a pooling analysis on two trials only (Chang 2002;

Yu 2005) due to heterogeneity in the interventions and controls.

1. Recovery

Trials showing statistically significant differences between

the intervention and comparison

Six trials reported that the intervention group had a statistically

significant better recovery than the control group. Of these, three

studied children (Li 1998; Ma 2000; Song 2004a) and the other

three studied adults (Li 1999a; Wang 2004; Wang 2008a) with

the common cold. The results are shown below:

1. Qinwen Keli granule was more effective than Kangbingdu

Koufuye (risk ratio (RR) 2.19, 95% confidence

interval (CI) 1.61 to 2.96) (Li 1998);

2. Shuanghua Penhuji was more effective

than Shuanghuanglian Qiwuji (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.11

to 1.97) (Ma 2000);

3. TCM cream was more effective than penicillin (RR

2.10, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.67) (Song 2004a);

4. Sufeng Ganmao Koufuye was more effective than Ganmao

Qinre Koufuye (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.99) (

Wang 2004);

5. Qinkailing injection was more effective than lincomycin

in three doses, respectively (120 ml/day RR

1.41, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.86; 160 ml/day RR 1.41, 95%

CI 1.08 to 1.86; and 200 ml RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.15 to

2.00) (Li 1999a);

6. YiQing ShuanJie capsule and YiQing ShuanJie tablet

was more effective than Chaihuang tablet respectively

(YiQing ShuanJie capsule RR 1.59, 95% CI 1.08 to

2.33, and YiQing ShuanJie tablet RR 1.67, 95% CI

1.14 to 2.43) (Wang 2008a).

Trials showing no statistically significant differences between

the intervention and comparison

Another eight trials showed no statistically significant differences

in duration of symptoms between the intervention and control

groups. Of these, four studied adults (Chang 2002; Chang 2005;

Chang 2007; Yu 2005) and the others studied children (Chen

2004; Wang 1998; Yang 2000; Yu 1997).

1. Jinlian Qinre capsule versus Jinlian Qinre granule (RR

0.97, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.62) (Chang 2005);

2. Sanhan Jiere Koufuye versus (Fenghan) Biaoshi Ganmao

Chongji (combined RR 1.51, 95% CI 0.79 to

2.90) (Chang 2002; Yu 2005). A sensitivity analysis was

performed by deselecting the study by Yu 2005 which

had been conducted in same hospital as the preparation

provider showed that it had a similar result (RR 1.20,

95% CI 0.85 to 1.69);

3. Gegen Cenlianwei Wan versus Yinqiao Jiedupian (RR

1.17, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.73) (Chen 2004);

4. Jianer Qinjieye versus Qinre Jiedu Koufuye (RR 1.45,

95% CI 0.99 to 2.13) (Wang 1998);

5. Huanghu Jiere Daipaoji versus Shiqi Ganmao Daipaoji

(RR 3.62, 95% CI 0.88 to 14.91) (Yang 2000);

6. Caichen Qinre Weixin Guanchangji with virazole and

acetaminophen (RR 1.40, 95% CI 0.71 to 2.74) (Yu

1997).

7. A phase II and phase III trial by the same study

team compared Chaige Qingre granule versus Fufang

Shuanghua capsule, respectively. The combined results

of these two studies showed there was no statistically

significant difference between the two drugs (RR 1.05,

95% CI 0.75 to 1.48) (Chang 2007).

2. Improvement

The Pan 2000 study showed a statistically significant improvement

in the severity of symptoms when using the intervention

Xiaoer Reganning, compared to vitamin C (Yinqiao Chongji), for

children with the common cold (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.35).

In this trial, the definition of ’improvement’ included both shortening

of the duration of symptoms and lessening of the severity

of symptoms. The other 14 trials and two combined trials showed

no differences between the two groups on lessening of severity of

symptoms.

Seven trials showed that the number of inefficacies in the intervention

group was statistically significantly less than the control

group. Of these, one trial (Wang 2004) included adults and the

other trials included children:

Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold (Review) 11

Copyright 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.

1. Qinwen Keli granule was more effective than Kangbingdu

Koufuye (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.90) (Li

1998);

2. Kangbingdupian was more effective than Banlangen

Chongji (RR 0.20, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.87) (Liu 2002);

3. Shuanghua Penhuji was more effective

than Shuanghuanglian Qiwuji (RR 0.16, 95% CI 0.03

to 0.87) (Ma 2000);

4. Jianer Qinjieye was more effective than Qinre Jiedu

Koufuye (RR0.12, 95%CI 0.02 to 0.91) (Wang 1998);

5. Sufeng Ganmao Koufuye was more effective than Ganmao

Qinre Koufuye (RR 0.16, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.38) (

Wang 2004);

6. Huanghu Jiere Daipaoji was more effective than Shiqi

Ganmao Daipaoji (RR 0.10, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.85) (

Yang 2000).

7. The Yiqing Shuanjie capsule and Yiqing Shuanjie tablet

have a similar effect toChaihuang tablet (RR 0.94, 95%

CI 0.71 to 1.25, and RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.21,

respectively) (Wang 2008a).

3. Partial improvement

Five trials showed that partial improvement in the intervention

group was statistically higher than the control group.Of these, one

trial (Wang 2004) included adults and the remaining four trials

included children with the common cold.

1. Qinwen Keli granule was more effective than Kangbingdu

Koufuye (RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.11) (Li

1998);

2. Xiaoer Reganning was more effective than vitamin C

Yinqiao Chongji (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.50) (Pan

2000);

3. Jianer Qinjieye was more effective than Qinre Jiedu

Koufuye (RR1.32, 95%CI 1.05 to 1.65) (Wang 1998);

4. Sufeng Ganmao Koufuye was more effective than Ganmao

Qinre Koufuye (RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.60) (

Wang 2004).

Seven trials and a combined analysis of two trials and showed

no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Of

these, three trials included adults (Chang 2002; Chang 2005; Yu

2005) and the other five trials included children with the common

cold.

1. Sanhan Jiere Koufuye versus (Fenghan) Biaoshi Ganmao

Chongji (combined RR 1.04 95% CI 0.92 to

1.16) (Chang 2002; Yu 2005). A sensitivity analysis was

performed by deselecting the trial by Yu 2005 which

was conducted in the same hospital as the preparation

provider, and had a same result (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.94

to 1.09).

2. Jinlian Qinre capsules had the same efficacy as Jinlian

Qinre granules (RR 1.00, 95%CI 0.95 to 1.06) (Chang

2005);

3. Gegen Cenlianwei Wan had the same efficacy as Yinqiao

Jiedupian (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.43) (Chen

2004);

4. Shuanghua Penhuji had the same efficacy as

Shuanghuanglian Qiwuji (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.99 to

1.12) (Ma 2000);

5. Huanghu Jiere Daipaoji had the same efficacy as Shiqi

Ganmao Daipaoji (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.35) (

Yang 2000);

6. Caichen Qinre Weixin Guanchangji had the same efficacy

as virazole and acetaminophen (RR 1.13, 95% CI

0.91 to 1.39) (Yu 1997).

4. No improvement

Nine trials showed no statistically significant differences in outcomes

between the intervention and control groups. Of these,

three trials (Chang 2007; Chang 2005; Li 1999a) included adults

and the other trials included children.

1. Sanhan Jiere Koufuye had the same efficacy as (Fenghan)

Biaoshi Ganmao Chongji (combined RR 0.49,

95% CI 0.14 to 1.73) (Chang 2002; Yu 2005). A sensitivity

analysiswas performed by deselecting the Yu 2005

trial, which had been conducted in the same hospital

as the preparation provider and showed a similar result

(RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.06 to 7.09).

2. Chaige Qingre granule had the same efficacy as Fufang

Shuanghua capsule in the phase II (RR 2.00, 95% CI

0.19 to 20.86) (Chang 2007);

3. Chaige Qingre granule had the same efficacy as Fufang

Shuanghua capsule in the phase III (RR 1.07, 95% CI

0.23 to 4.97) (Chang 2007);

4. Jinlian Qinre capsule had the same efficacy as Jinlian

Qinre granule (RR 0.69, 95%CI 0.23 to