主题：【原创】请教一下河里的大拿：一个教堂导游手册的翻译 -- 朝雨

Dominating the ancient County Town of Lancaster, the Priory Church of St. Mary and the nearby Castle (still in use as a Court and Prison) together form a group of buildings of the greatest historical importance and significance. This brief introduction to the Priory is a summary only of its history, architecture, furnishings and its relationship with the City of Lancaster. More detailed literature is available from the bookstall which is situated at the back of the church.

圣玛丽小教堂和附近的兰卡斯特城堡（现在仍在作为法庭和监狱使用）占据了兰卡斯特古郡城的显著位置，它们一起构成了郡城中最具有历史重要性和历史意义一组的建筑。这个小教堂的简介仅仅总结了它的历史，建筑，室内陈设品和它与兰卡斯特城的关系。在教堂后面的书店里您可以找到更详细的文献。

Early History

早期历史

The hilltop site on which the Castle and the Priory stand is inside the lines of the Roman fortifications, most of which have been obliterated over the centuries. Many traces of these, however, have been discovered during either building works or archaeological digs and some of these have been left exposed in the field to the north of the church. This field – well worth a visit – is reached by the footpath which leads from the Priory down to St. George’s Quay on the River Lune.

兰卡斯特城堡和兰卡斯特小教堂所坐落的山顶位于罗马人建造的要塞防线内。虽然这些要塞都已经随着时间的流逝而湮没了，不过，建筑施工和考古挖掘中发现了很多相关的遗迹。其中有些被放到了教堂北面的草地上。这片草地本身就值得流连一下。您可以沿着从小教堂下到伦河上圣乔治码头的小路到达那里。

It seems possible that the earliest church or religious house one the site was of pre-Norman conquest origin. Certainly the doorway at the west end of the church appears to be of Saxon origin and in the north aisle there are a number of sculptured stones of the same period. The first written record relating to the church is in a document of 1094, now in the British Museum. By this document, Roger of Poitou (a distance relative of William the Conqueror and builder of the first castle at Lancaster) transferred “the church of St. Mary of Lancaster” to the Benedictine Abbey of St. Martin of Seez in Normandy. At some stage thereafter, buildings were erected (probably to the north of the existing church) to house the small group of monks who arrived from Normandy to represent the mother house and look after its interests – both religious and financial. No trace of these buildings, or indeed of the Norman Church, remains although the reflooring of the chancel at the beginning of the 20th century did reveal the foundations of Roger of Poitou’s original church.

此地最早的教堂或者宗教建筑有可能是前诺曼征服时期的。的确，教堂西侧的入口看起来起源于萨克森时期，同时，北面的走廊上有一些同一时代的石雕。第一份有关这座教堂的书面记录是一个1094年的文件，现存于大英博物馆内。根据这个文件，普瓦图家的罗杰（征服者威廉的一个远亲，兰卡斯特第一所教堂的建造者）把“兰卡斯特圣玛丽教堂”转让给了位于诺曼底●西兹的圣马丁本笃会大教堂。此后，这里建造了一些寺院给一小批来自诺曼底的修道士居住。他们代表着诺曼底的教堂总部来维护其宗教和财政上的利益。尽管20世纪初重新铺设地板时人们发现了普瓦图家的罗杰的原教堂的地基，这些建筑，或者说诺曼教堂，本身已经湮没无踪了。

Both the years 1322 and 1389 brought destructive visits from Scottish armies, and although the bulk of the Castle and the Priory appear to have been spared (for whatever reason) the rest of Lancaster was destroyed. The long war with France finally ended the ties between the Priory and its headquaters in Normandy and in 1414 it was handed over to the Brigittine nunnery of Syon in Middlesex. After this the church became the Parish Church of Lancaster with the right to appoint the vicar in the hands of Abbess of Syon. This remained the position until the Abbey was dissolved in 1539 as part of the Henry VIII’s Reformation. It is not clear whether the Priory buildings were then destroyed or merely allowed to deteriorate by being used as a stone quarry.

1322年和1389年，苏格兰军队的两度入侵给兰卡斯特带来了毁灭性的灾难。尽管由于未知的原因，大部分的兰卡斯特城堡和兰卡斯特小教堂幸免于难，兰卡斯特的其他部分都被夷为平地。此后，漫长的英法百年战争最终结束了兰卡斯特小教堂和它在诺曼底的总部之间的争执。1414年，小教堂被移交给了位于米德塞克斯●西恩的圣女布里吉廷女修道院。后来这所教堂成为兰卡斯特的教区教堂，有权任命西恩大教堂下属的教区牧师。这项权力一直保留到1539年，直到西恩大教堂在亨利八世的宗教改革中被解散为止。现在还不清楚兰卡斯特小教堂的建筑是随后即被拆毁了还是仅仅作为采石场使用而任其破败。

封面 http://www.cchere.com/article/824855

建筑 http://www.cchere.com/article/824859

室内陈设 http://www.cchere.com/article/824862

今日教堂 http://www.cchere.com/article/824863

• 【原创】请教一下河里的大拿：一个教堂导游手册的翻译
• 【原创】The Building 建筑
• 【原创】Furnishings 室内陈设品
• 【原创】The Church Today 今日教堂
• 【原创】第一页：封面