主题：【原创】围绕脑科学而发生的若干玄想 -- 鸿乾

briefly read through, a good paper, thx;

1. physics part

引力, everywhere, as we interact with each other, and the more we move, the more we contribute to 引力場 from our 自能場 we create as we move, and the stronger 引力場 make us move even more, a full interaction type of evil, non-linear, 无穷大 stuff, kind of challenging issues for GR's gravity quantization, how can you quantize something non-linear?

if someday we have a breakthrough in gravity quantization, everybody will double their life spans from 30k day to 60k day, so far, I think we die, because our brain can't handle gravity in today's social 引力場;

but physically, we actually live in less troubling 重力場 and our brain often mixes up social 引力場 with the physical 重力場, too simple, too nave?

but physics wise, ants, and pretty much all of physical agents do survive and 繁荣昌盛 in such a "junior" and pretty much earth based 引力場 and newton physics has already figured out that one already, and overall, we are still in a kind of 穩定場, 波動 from non equilibrium to equilibrium, or basically around equilibrium as the ultimate great 系综统计 partition function interact/feed back with environment, with its 么正性,因果关系, 逻辑链条 updated and surviving even a black hole, so what is all the fuss about fishing island?

the fuss might be about the related folks making noise and getting the "grants" more likely, and to keep social 引力場 going

the so-called open system or non-equilibrium system in the paper are not really "open" and "non-equilibrium" so to speak, they are defined as such only relative to their examples.

and with a border defined system as they quoted in a few examples, physics part is nothing really new;

once 邊界條件, 初始條件 are given, physicists are king, out of those 邊界條件 初始條件, god is king, and the trouble with social 引力場, those 邊界條件 初始條件 changes, all the time

2.智力 part

physical agents surviving in the above systems, collects and analyzes information, adapts to the emerging entropy force in the systems, and then they coded a software to test those agents' behaviors out, stat, then you have a paper, not "new" stuff in terms of physics, but a good one in terms of physics/AI

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for a system to survive: it has to use 最小作用量, with 最大范围( to get information, often "最大體積" in 洛伦兹流形) 积分, kind of like the plant's animal behavior you guys discussed, and we could call that as plant's 最小作用量原理 or plant's AI, and from plant's AI to 費曼路徑積分, etc

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Feynman's Ants - MathPages

mathpages.com/home/kmath320/kmath320.htm

According to Feynman, the second ant follows the first path, but sometimes .... The lowest-order approximation of the probability of State 5 is given by the integral ...

the paper you quoted is a good one, worth reading a couple of times and the referenced other ones,

in terms of their methodology:

1) getting information at system level or field level, are we near or moving towards a "canonical (平衡正則) system"? or field analysis of the ant folks

2)

then do "path" analysis to get further into operational level, such as how many path, and which path in terms of 測度 / 機率 density distribution, the ant is moving around, and once we have those information, we could tell ant: baby, we have got you.

1. 溫度 is a system level concept, and normally you can only define and measure 溫度 near/towards a "canonical (平衡正則) system"

2. once we have 溫度, we basically can do partitions @energy level, calculate entropy etc, with the subject heat system modeled and assumed as a heat 标量场, with 动力学 tricks such as 梯度, etc

3. the following article gives shows the common methodlogy behind

费曼路徑積分 vs 马尔可夫模型

as the auther said, 在量子电动力学的振幅是复number/complex number的，with 幅度和相位，可靠性马尔可夫模型 only deals with 实number and there is no 相位;

but with a lower order approximation of a "canonical (平衡正則) system" of the 可靠性 analysis , the author could still 積分疊加 all the 马尔可夫 path, as in 费曼路徑積分

---------

. a google translation

所以，在这个简单的可靠性模型的上下文中，最低阶近似中，我们可以表示沿每一个可能的路径的转移速率的总和的产品的转移概率。不用说了，有更好的方法来评估的概率马尔可夫模型，但这种原油技术有趣的是，由于它的相似，至少在形式上，振幅在费曼的量子电动力学方法的过渡产品的总和。另一方面，也有一些显着的差异。首先，在量子电动力学的振幅是复杂的，既具有幅度和相位，而在可靠性模型的转换率是纯粹的实部和没有相位。第二，我们考虑的是可靠性模型，而专门的，在这个意义上，每一个路径从一个状态到另一个包括相同数量的单个转换。例如，从状态1到状态8的每个路径包括正好是三个转换。正因为如此，最低阶近似的贡献各路径的时间是相同的顺序为每个其他路径。

Feynman's Ants - MathPages

mathpages.com/home/kmath320/kmath320.htm

According to Feynman, the second ant follows the first path, but sometimes .... The lowest-order approximation of the probability of State 5 is given by the integral ...

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Maximum entropy production and the fluctuation theorem

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R C Dewar

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Recently the author used an information theoretical formulation of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics (MaxEnt) to derive the fluctuation theorem (FT) concerning the probability of second law violating phase-space paths. A less rigorous argument leading to the variational principle of maximum entropy production (MEP) was also given. Here a more rigorous and general mathematical derivation of MEP from MaxEnt is presented, and the relationship between MEP and the FT is thereby clarified. Specifically, it is shown that the FT allows a general orthogonality property of maximum information entropy to be extended to entropy production itself, from which MEP then follows. The new derivation highlights MEP and the FT as generic properties of MaxEnt probability distributions involving anti-symmetric constraints, independently of any physical interpretation. Physically, MEP applies to the entropy production of those macroscopic fluxes that are free to vary under the imposed constraints, and corresponds to selection of the most probable macroscopic flux configuration. In special cases MaxEnt also leads to various upper bound transport principles. The relationship between MaxEnt and previous

I really like this paper, smarty folks, as I said, thought invoking, and how come we Chinese is always behind and play 華車, 璀喇叭胎教子, writing reviews and follow up papers, as 李淼 said, not sure if 李淼 still even read journals anymore

1.

爱因斯坦场=gravity, 幾何的, what you can do with 幾何?

2.

热力学: 熵, temperature are all defined and measured by partition function and stat @macroscopic

level, are you a sys admin guy with a daily updated password?

none of the above, just a plain individual, then

熵@micrscopic state level=0,may be that is why we always feel good and pride, in our blood, and most likely it is 幻覺, fake, baby;

penrose has been trying to get a more meaningful 熵@microscopic, going no where;

3.

Verlinde, after his string theory (can never be tested/measured at current energy capability level) went no where, combined the part 1&2

so, now with verlinde's theory, we have some kind of 热力学引力場 model with entropy 动力学 between macroscopic and microscopic with that paper as a start, to get into social

引力場 动力学, as an appetizer, kind of, before a really good dinner, white's near term dream

4. why doing all these?

US 4政委 parallel 制度 can never compete with tg's 1 政委 hierarchy structure (result of that is 愚民, very likely) , in terms of social

引力場 information collection and analysis, and tg's 经典物理 power in its top-down 1 政委 hierarchy structure , is unmatched globally.

so, white has to go social/market powered AI for social 引力場 , etc, so US 4政委 parallel could work together with market and half 愚民 democracy, to compete with tg's 集权制度, to 改良 social 引力場 測度, 改良生產關係, etc

5. as a personal mental health advice for all of us:

unless you have tg's minister level 组织文件 or US 4政委's expensive AI model, basically all the information we collect and analyze as an individual @microscopic, are very close to garbage in terms of 機率 density distribution function , but most of the time (it should really be the opposite, upside down kind of mess up) we all feel we see and feel something great, because the system wants us all to do that and feel that way and try our best@microscopic, so system can 費曼 路徑積分 @system and macroscopic level, to come out with a collective level AI, and in the process, any individual ant can be sacrificed with no mercy at all, basically

and very often, for an individual ant, garbage in =garbage out@紅外, and once 紅外=4 ever紅外

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Verlinde,

《宇宙的琴弦》读后感

sky.hhu.edu.cn/ec.../read-interactive.do?... - 轉為繁體網頁

最近有个搞超弦理论出身的荷兰物理学家Erik Verlinde放弃了超炫理论，另辟蹊径，提出万有引力不是基本作用力，就像皮球内部的压力，只是封闭气体分子的集体 ...

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http://hi.baidu.com/vgukbflktujoxyr

ENGINEER波

世界是二维的？关于全息屏和作为熵力的引力

Verlinde关于引力起源于熵的论文.先要注意的是论文的逻辑链，作者本人就很重视这一点。论文的逻辑起点在全息屏上。假设我们手头上有全息屏上的有时间变量的微观态物理，而且这些定律是时移不变的，那么就有能量守恒了。而且微观态数不是一，那么我们就有了时间、能量、微观态数作为以下理论的起始点，微观的物理是怎样的现在先不关心。总之靠现有的概念在宏观上就有热力学第一定律。因为宏观上可以有温度、熵这样的emergence（这个词译法好多，不知选哪个）的概念。好，现在还没谈及空间，在这里空间也是emergent出来的，在微观上是没有定义好的。不过这里只是一维是emergence的，另外两维被全息屏所占。好，现在类比下理想气体。理想气体的体积在微观里没有很好的定义对不对？而且有个热力学对偶量压强，那么就可以写下热力学第一定律的方程。类似地，全息屏emergent出一维空间x之后，其热力学对偶量就是力，引力。

刚才有了热力学第一定律的方程，现在假设一质量为m的粒子在emergent出来的方向上做个小位移穿过全息屏，屏上的熵变有个熵变的值（公式不打了，只看看逻辑链就算了）。现在有两个公式，再加上安鲁效应，就是温度与加速度正比那个，就可以神奇地把光速，万有引力常数和普朗克常数

or models the system's 引力 as it emerges, and in a 剃度場 as such, 剃度 gets eaten up live by system's 自由能 almost @light speed, with entropy maximized, and then 黄花菜都凉了

or the so-called kiss model, if not, we better check the methodology part of our model;

otherwise, if your model is smart and robust, you should be very much close to or near @Verlinde全息屏, and theoretically 世界在你脚下, a world of simple, stupid.

but, as a hedge/ a cover of your ass, so you don't and never should play naked out there in the cold:

but how do you know that Verlinde全息屏 is not a fake one?

now , from 弦論 to prof 杨振宁's 規範場論

model wise, or if the white logic=science, then 全息屏, or whatever, you have to have a physics/mathematical 精確表示, or it will be a religion/Marxist type of utopia, a fake

Rusakov，Witten[2] 等人獲得此理論在一個genus G的二維緊黎曼流型M上的配分函數的精確表示

so, the logic chain starts with a field or system@global: where do you do your partition function 配分函數, very often in a 洛伦兹流形, a real world?

now, I want to come back to tg's model again, for the sake of comparison to that of white's model: tg's 檔案 system of 1.5 billion people, in a basically a flatty 欧几里德空间 of china mainland formed by 6k years of Chinese culture "pride"brain with its culture/mindset almost no 色散 at all, and to run a 配分函數 of such a system= a piece of cake?

thanks again to Fuhrer for this great paper.

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[PDF]

弦論與規範場論的對應關係

psroc.phys.ntu.edu.tw/bimonth/download.php?d=1&cpid=135...

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此文介紹Maldacena 提出的弦論與規範場論的對應關係。 一、引言. 自't Hooft 1974年提出規範場論的大N展開[1]. 後，人們普遍相信弦理論與大N 規範場論間存在 ...

bimonth/download.php?d=2&cpid=135&did=6 的 HTML 檔。

G o o g l e 在網路漫遊時會自動將檔案轉換成 HTML 網頁。

一、引言

自‘t Hooft 1974年提出規範場論的大N展開[1]後，人們普遍相信弦理論與大N規範場論間存在對偶等價關係。這個猜想在低維的理論中有較多的研究及較好的結果。特別的，對於二維論純規範場論，先是Rusakov，Witten[2] 等人獲得此理論在一個genus G的二維緊黎曼流型M上的配分函數的精確表示：

(1)

在此R是規範群的一切不可約表示，dimR 及 C2(R) 為R的維數與二次Casmir，= g2N 為規範場論的’t Hooft 藕合常數，基於此一結果，Gross和Taylor[3]於1994年證明(1)可以重寫成某些具有二維對像空間的弦理論的配分函數的1/N展開，此重要結果提供規範場理論與弦理論對應的第一個嚴格證明。可是不足的說，這並不是一個很實際的關係，眾所皆知二維規範場論是一個拓撲理論，並沒有傳播的自由度。而二維弦理論也是極為簡單的一個模型，舉例說，它沒有包含重力在內，正因兩個理論都如此簡單，所以才有可能嚴格建立一個它們之間的關係。找出四維規範場論的弦表示，一直是理論物理家的夢想，也是最初發展出弦論的一個重要動機，但四維規範場論比二維規範場論複雜多了。一般相信，QCD弦是QCD色監禁的結果，但因為QCD色監禁是一非微擾現象，至今還沒有可以完善處理它的方法。要找出四維QCD理論的弦表示是一個相當難的問題，多年無進展。

二、AdS/CFT 對應

直至1997年，年輕的Maldacena大膽提出一個關於規範場論與弦理論的假想關係[4]，他猜想四維的最大超對稱性規範場論（即所謂N = 4超對稱Yang-Mills理論）是超十維的IIB型超弦理論有一對偶關係（duality relation）。這是一個頗難以置信的關係，記得1997年十二月，筆者在瑞士CERN研究中心參加一個關於弦，D-膜的研究討論會議，Maldacena就他的猜想做了報告。會中不乏在弦理論研究首屈一指的學者（如Susskind, Schwarz, Green, Harvey 等），對於Maldacena的提議皆持懷疑或觀望的態度。甚至Maldacena 自己似乎也並不太樂觀，當Harvey問即使這duality是對，但有什麼用途時，Maldacena開玩笑說道或許它跟BFSS的矩陣模型[5]一樣不太實際，引得哄堂大笑。

其實這也難怪，因為Maldacena最初出他的猜想時，並沒有提供一個比較完整的字典，告訴大家怎樣把兩個理論的物理現象對應聯係起來。例如，一個四維的非引力理論，怎樣可以跟一個十維的引力理論等價？十維與四維時空差別如此之大，發生在額外六維的物理現象跑到哪裡去了？

在此有必要對Maldacena的猜想做進一步的說明。10維的弦理論有5類型，其中之一是所謂的IIB型，這弦論具有32個時空超對稱荷。在一般的時空背景下，只有一部份超對稱性維持不被破壞。能維持所有32個超對稱性的時空背景，因為對稱性較多的關係，對應的弦論也較為漂亮。在10維時空，人們很早以前便知道只有完全平整的時空R10及AdS5×S5時空可以維持所有的超對稱性。這裡AdS5是5維的Anti-de-Sitter時空，可以想像成在6維時空中的一個超曲面：，它具有如此的度規：

(2)

AdS5有一個4維的邊界S4，是一個4維球。在Maldacena的構想中，規範場論正是生存在這個邊界時空上。因為S5沒有邊界，所以Maldacena說的是10維的AdS5×S5弦論是跟在它的邊界上的一個4維規範理論成對偶等價關係。而10維理論之所以可以和4維理論有相同的物理，是因為引力的一個奇特的性質—全息原理。

全息照片，相信大家在實驗課或博物館中看過，一張二維的全息底片，可以完整記錄三維物體的影像。早在70年代，人們在研究黑洞物理時便發現黑洞的熵遵守面積定理(Hawking, Berenstein)，基於此現象’t Hooft[6]首先提出引力理論的全息原理，後來為Susskind[7]發展及深化。根據此原理，引力現象實際像全息現象一樣，可以用一更基本的低維理論去等價描述。這個低維的物理系，是生存在時空的邊界上的。’t Hooft-Susskind的全息原理的提出，標誌著引力探索的一個全新方向。可是儘管這個假說十分吸引，自它提出後一直沒法被證明，甚至連找到一個實際體現這個假說的物理系統也沒有。

Maldacena的AdS/CFT對應[CFT：因為N = 4 超對稱Yang-Mills理論]是一共型理論(Conformal field theory)]，可以說是一箭雙鵰。10維IIB弦理論作為4維規範場論的一個等價表述，提供了規範場論的弦化的解答，更揭示了可以用弦論去研究色監禁這一個重要的可能性。另一方面，因為規範場論生存在10維時空的邊界上，所以可以把規範場論想像成弦論的一個全息圖，從而成為全息原理的第一個，且最重要的實際體現。

在根據Maldacena的AdS/CFT對應，10維時空中的量子圖效應，是跟4維場論中的’t Hooft 1/N展開成一一對應關係。根據’t Hooft的1/N展開，物理量可以依Hooft藕合及1/N做一雙重展開。它們跟弦論中的藕合常數gs及S5的半徑長度R有如下的關係：

(3)

上面提到，Maldacena提出Ads/CFT對應時，並沒有提供一個“字典”，可供計算及驗證這關係的正確性。所以有好幾個月這個假說大家都對此持比較保守的態度。情況直至98年2月，Witten [8]，並Gubser，Klebanov，Polyakov [9] 分別提出一個較為完整的架構，使計算及驗證成為可能。AdS/CFT的研究遂成為弦論的一個主流，自它被提出以後，有不少的進展，有興趣的讀者，可進一步參考[10]。

在AdS/CFT對應關係中，時空的引力效應原則上可用非引力的規範場論去描述。一些非常有意義的問題，如時空間的奇異性，黑洞內部的時空性質，都是人們希望可以透過這個對應關係進一步了解的。對AdS/CFT關係更深入的研究，無疑可以加深我們對量子引力的了解

可惜，因為AdS弦理論十分複雜，我們對它的了解至今仍只停留在經典的層面上，即是說在討論AdS/CFT對應關係時，多數時間是把弦圈效應忽略，僅考慮經典的引力理論及與之對應的N = ∞ 的超對稱規範場論。這對於研究有限的N的情形（即是說包括弦的量子圈效應）無疑是一極大的限制。

三、BMN對應

上面提到，長久以來，人們一直以為在十維的時空中，只有兩個時空背景，擁有32個超引力對稱性。直到2001年，情況突然改變。這年秋季，在奧地利維也納的薛丁格研究院有一個關於弦論的研討會，為期幾個月，主持人之一Blau當時是義大利的ICTP的研究員（最近受聘到瑞士Neuchatel大學），他邀請了一批對D-膜，超引力，M-理論等有濃厚興趣的學者參加。在討論過程中，發現了IIB理論中還存在著一個新的，維持最高超對稱性的時空背景[11]。他們並且發現，這個解可以從原來的AdS5×S5時空背景（另一個維持最高超對稱性的時空背景）透過一個特別的極限過程得到。這個極限過程叫Penrose極限；是英國數學家Penrose於1976年研究廣義相對論及時空結構時所提出的一個極為漂亮的構造。Penrose問的問題是，給定任何一個黎曼時空，並考慮當中光所行的路徑，如果我們非常靠近這條路徑，我們會看到怎麼樣的規度呢？這問題跟問在一個n-維流型的某一點附近看到的什麼樣的空間類似 [答案：所看到的切空間為向量空間Rn]。Penrose發現他的問題也有一個普適的答案。他發現在這個光線附近的管狀領域上，度規恆常取同一形式—pp- 波型幾何：

(4)

而這個極限過程，即考慮某一光線附近的極限幾何，被稱為Penrose極限，需要說明，一般來說，在同一黎曼空間中可已有很多不同種類的光線，不同光線的Penrose limit會給出不同的pp- 波幾何（即不同的AIJ）。可以證明，在AdS5×S5這個黎曼黎曼流型上，只有兩類光線，取它們的Penrose極限，一種給出平直的R10空間，另一種給出一個特別的AIJ =IJ 2. 在此 =常數，為描述這pp- 波空間的曲率參數)。

因為對AdS5×S5存在一個對偶的規範場論表述，很自然的會問，pp- 波的弦理論也有對應的對偶表述嗎？這問題於去年二月為Maldacena及合作者Berensteim及Nastase[12]提出並解答。他們發現，如果把pp- 波幾何想像成AdS5×S5的一個極限部分，那麼它的對偶場論也應該是原來的N = 4超對稱YM規範場論中的某個特殊部分 (sector)。

他們發現，必須考慮原N = 4 SYM 中的一些特殊的算符（帶有J單位的超對稱U(1)荷），並考慮一個特殊的雙重線度極限：

N→∞, J→∞

J2/N = 固定, (5)

= 固定.

這有利於原來的’t Hooft大N極限：

N →∞,

J2/N →0, (6)

N = 固定.

這些特殊的算符，被稱為BMN算符。在這極限，它們的anomalous dimension 有限，並與弦論中的各種粒子的質量成對應。BMN並發現在Penrose極限下，AdS5×S5的弦理論得以化簡，極限的pp- 波的弦理論更是完全可積系統，從而它的所有弦態及質量皆可完整獲得。這是人們在規範弦場論對應關係中可以研究弦效應的首次勝利，是原來的AdS/CFT對應關係無法做到的。

BMN對應關係比AdS/CFT對應來的實際，因為不管在弦，還是場論方面，人們都可以做微擾計算，從而為研究及驗證這關係打下一個基礎。BMN對應關係亦成為弦論的另一主流方向。在BMN原本的文章中，它們只提出自由的弦論與規範場論的對偶關係。不久，人們意識到引入相互作用的可能性，並提出了弦的三頂角作用與場論中的相關函數的關係 [13]。這猜想獲得一定的支持，但也有一些問題，特別是當推廣到含有費米子的情形，仍待解決。

四、結語

長久以來，人們期待可以把引力及其他作用力統一描述。Klanza-Klein理論漂亮地把規範場與引力統一到高維的引力理論中。但因愛因斯坦的引力理論存在量子化的問題，所以不能成功。弦論把各種相互作用統一，只需要單一的弦作用，可以包括所有的作用力。不單如此，因為弦論不存在紫外發散問題，所以弦論是一完備的量子引力理論。弦規範場論對應關係的成立，似乎表示或許量子引力及弦論並不是最基本的，或許引力現象只是更基本的規範場的動力學效應的一種展現。其實很久以前，人們己經有這樣的猜想[14]。徐教授最近也再次提出了這個想法[15]。

透過弦規範場論對應關係的研究，預期將可加深我們對引力及時空結構的基本了解。或許一場橫時代的物理革命正在醞釀。

參考資料：

[1] G. 't Hooft, Nucl .Phys .B 72, 461 (1974).

[2] B.E. Rusakov, Mod. Phys. Lett.A 5, 693 (1990);

E.Witten, Commun. Math. Phys.141, 153 (1991).

[3] D. Gross and W. Taylor, Nucl. Phys. B 400, 181 (1993); Nucl. Phys. B 403, 395 (1993).

[4] J.M. Maldacena, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 38, 1113 (1999).

[5] T.Banks, W. Fischler, S.H. Shenker, and L. Susskind, Phys. Rev. D 55, 5112 (1997).

[6] G. 't Hooft ,gr-qc/9310026.

[7] L. Susskind, J. Math. Phys. 36, 6377 (1995).

[8] E. Witten, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 505 (1998).

[9] S.S. Gubser, I.R. Klebanov, and A.M. Polyakov,

Phys. Lett. B 428, 105-114 (1998).

[10] O. Aharony, S.S. Gubser, J.M. Maldacena, H. Ooguri, and Y. Oz, Phys Rept. 323, 183 (2000).

[11] M. Blau, J. Figueroa-O'Farrill, C. Hull, and

G. Papadopoulos, JHEP 0201, 047 (2002).

[12] D. Berenstein, J.M. Maldacena, and H. Nastase,

JHEP 0204, 013 (2002).

[13] N.R. Constable, D.Z. Freedman, M. Headrick,

S. Minwalla, L. Motl, A. Postnikov, and W. Skiba, JHEP 0207, 017 (2002); C.S. Chu, V.V. Khoze and G. Travaglini, JHEP 0206, 011 (2002).

[14] H. Kawai, D.C. Lewellen, and S.H.H. Tye,

Nucl. Phys .B 269, 1 (1986).

[15] A. Zee, hep-th/0309032; Phys. Rev. Lett.

55, 2379 (1985).

作者簡介

朱創新於1991年從香港中文大學物理系畢業，於1996年從美國加州大學柏克萊分校獲得理論物理博士，接著於義大利高等理論研究所（SISSA），瑞士Nechatel大學從事博士後研究。於2000年底到英國Durham大學數學系任教。於2002年秋到台灣國立清華大學物理系任教。專長為量子場論弦理論及數學物理，研究主題包括規範場論，弦理論，非對易幾何，黑洞與量子引力及弦理論。

http://www.the[**]s.com/n3/20006-physicist-proposes-new-theory-of-gravity-gravity-does-not-exist/

The authors have missed out some of the developments in the recent decade. There's, for example, Schmidhuber's compressibility gradient, Ay and Der's homeokinesis predictive information maximization, Klyubin et al.'s empowerment method, and the underlying Touchette/Lloyd formalism for describing entropic bounds on open and closed-loop control and many more. Plus, the authors do not seem to mention in their paper Linsker's criticism of Dewar's MEPP derivation. In isolation, it is difficult to put in perspective how the approach sits in the context of the existing work and how much it depends on postulated MEPP-type assumptions. Which are perfectly fine to make, but it'd be nice to see how it fits into other closely related models which are already studied in some detail.

1.

AI is all about how we individuals as social animals or social agent socially interact with each other more effectively and efficiently, and information collection and analysis is a big part of it;

so, as I has been posting all the time, we have a social 场, but with a huge waste of human energy, and social 场 has to be "reformed" not by revolution, but with help of physics/math;

and as I have been writing about the white social science "model", white relies on the development of their social human capital across as broad social ranks/areas as possible with a kind of "free and diverse choice/market" style, all the time, it is in their blood, that kind of culture;

in contrast, we Chinese are almost like one kind of product, out of Chinese 科技人才 education assemble line, almost clean cookie cutter

and we do have quite bit of 技, few of first class level, very little 科 if any at all, the way those Chinese professors are.

西南联大 used to be near if not @world advanced level, physics, at least.

2.

爱因斯坦场=gravity, 幾何的, what you can do with 幾何?

热力学: 熵, temperature are all defined and measured by partition function and stat @macroscopic, majority of people are not sysadmins;

Verlinde, after his string theory (can never be tested/measured at current energy capability level) went no where, combined the part 1&2, so he basically has a information field theory model established;

and with that the paper you quoted and other folks in the field, can start do more app oriented models/softwares, etc, a great start;

As discussed about that MIT AI meeting, those AI folks will have to pay attention to the physics side of AI, which none of them know any thing, AI without physics is going no where, goog should buy these two guys outright;

3. now I am going to bad mouse on our Chinese culture (including my own mindset the way it is formatted like everybody eles):

we have been all brain 光刻 by our dear Chinese culture for 6k years, and possibly as a result, we under perform in many ways if compared to Indians and some European folks here in US with similar background as we do, and I happen to know too many Chinese engineering/physics/math PHDs here in usa: 身在曹營心在漢, with all kind of their own little dreams/tricks for 漢, kind of an open secret in and outside of that community.

I often comment to them: you guys watch too much 后宫·甄嬛传, but that is in our blood.

and tg as smart as they are know that very well, tg is not going to pay a good price unless you are really of some value, and we all know tg 二代 don't really bother to spend even a few pennies to those famous 两弹一星 元勋二代, no honey, no money;

my bad mouse's point is actually more about our selves as an individual: how "too simple too nave" our own brain AI could go in a social 场? and our individual's point of view in a social 场 is very often garbage, in terms of competitiveness, if from physics point of view ;

even in physics, 爱因斯坦场, 热力学 can only provide information at macroscopic level about 场力 (the way Verlinde did, still disputed, of course and as always, no 實驗, no money in physics) , you can oly define and measure 爱因斯坦场力, gravity, or 热力, @macroscopic level around a "canonical (平衡正則) system", and how do you define a "canonical (平衡正則) system"? it is already very difficult in physics;

so for most of us, instead of reading with your raw eyes and think with your raw brain, you got to have a model, or if you can manage to have some access to tg's internal elite 场, which is very much 等價交換 based like any 场 , and there is no way you can cheat out the big boss;

so, that paper in that sense is some kind of breakthrough, in terms of social AI model building, and hopefully from there on, a social 场 will be more competitive based on more "fair" playing information acquisition/process, more like financial market: can tg/or any organization manage/manipulate global international financial market? tg's 金融38軍 has been 內戰 all the time, and then 后宫·甄嬛传

最近又地震了，很害怕，一发现地震还不小，就赶快往厕所里跑，到了厕所里，按我们本地话来说“脚杆还在打闪闪”（脚还在抖），心里感到恐惧，我经历过的危险，什么泥石流就离我不超过200米什么的，最严重因为溺水+严重穿刺性伤害，还有所谓的濒死体验，都有后怕什么的，但是，但是，现在还记得5.12，地震摇晃之前，我是站立着的，后来也想不起是为什么站立的肯定不是为了公事或者其他什么确定的事情，我们办公基本上是坐着的，在严重的摇晃之前，有两次轻微的晃动，实际上平时重车经过都差不多会造成如此的晃动，我却感受到一种前所未有巨大的莫名的威胁，感觉到一种灭顶之灾来临，是一种说不出来，有点像死神在头顶上盘旋的感觉，这个感觉一直到平地上才停止，大叫一声“快跑，地震来了”，办公室的都在嘲笑我的时候，大的摇晃开始了，（要知道，有意识来我根本就没有遭遇过地震的，或者遭遇过，根本没感觉，我也不知道，为什么我知道这次是我今生能遇到的最强大的地震），跑的时候还动作极度敏捷稳健，到了地面一点也不慌张，脚杆发软什么的，还在密切关注周围形势什么的，从当时结束到现在想起来也一点没有什么后怕的，很是奇怪尤其是和前天的地震感觉一对比，到现在也不知道为什么

Fuhrer提到的那个论文，依赖于提升到更高维空间作熵的计算（包括了各种原因等等）。

我们知道，从高维空间向低维空间投影，有非常现成的理论。通常的光学投影这类的是最简单的。更复杂一些的是所谓的non-metric multidimensional scaling之类的东西。这些东西多半可以归结到各种熵的公式里面。

但是，这个论文的作者是反过来的，从低维空间向高维空间嵌入，是否有类似的熵公式来起作用呢？

这是极端发散的问题，肯定没有答案的。不过，可能产生若干思想火花也未必。

Yet be very careful with your "bad mouthing"...haha,

Forbes有篇新闻里在描述这个发现是提到了大致与你相同的意思：

“We cultivate open minds not because we are liberal or conservative, young or old, but because we understand intuitively that it is a matter of survival—physically, emotionally and intellectually—to maximize access to future possibilities.”

可惜的是，这样的intuition在有些人眼里看去只是代表了普世脂油，却不知道这样的文化是内在原因在哪里。

不过如果把政治文化放在一边，中国人的学习能力与聪明程度上不差的，相信百度在硅谷开店应该可以第一时间接触最新进展，万一出现了重大突破不至于只能在远处打打酱油。当然这只是科技上，也就是以前被当作“奇技淫巧”的事，而在社会文化上如果能有所领悟，甚至发生变化，还不是一时半会的事，因此中国在文化到科学这条线上的leadership大概不是我们有生之年可以看到的了。

1.

Verlinde全息屏 moves around and scans globally, SR, GR:

“We cultivate open minds not because we are liberal or conservative, young or old, but because we understand intuitively that it is a matter of survival—physically, emotionally and intellectually—to maximize access to future possibilities.”

2. "爱因斯坦场方程的解是个场"

once a few possibilities of future survival and growth are narrowed in, they have to be tested by GR

"愛因斯坦的廣義相對論看起來是一個

局域的理論。不過另一方面，由於等效原理(Equivalence

Principle) 所要求的廣義座標協變性(General

Covariance)，廣義相對論基本上有一個無窮大的規範對

稱(gauge symmetry)，大到使得這個理論中不存在任何

規範不變的局域物理觀測量"

http://phy.ntnu.edu.tw/~linfengli/articles/holography.pdf

廣義相對論無窮大的規範對

稱(gauge symmetry)，

this is saying, as an analogy, that regardless of your local 規範, gauge, including those of tg, if a GR AI machine works, it must work in Beijing as well, after passing test and figuring out what was in that boston guy'mind in US, and then you lease out and move that AI machine to Beijing, then you have

中科院 folks come over and adjust 規範, gauge parameter locally, then you try out that GR AI machine on MR. Bo, and see through his mind and know what he is thinking when negotiating a guilty plea package, if he is still alive by then; and Bo surrendered after seeing him totally naked in the room, nothing in his mind the other side would not know.

3.爱因斯坦氣吞山河

but once out of 爱因斯坦's beautiful theoretical kingdom as described in the above, and for

those doing real 决战千里之外 folks, 引力場 has to be 量子化 to be a first step, in an actual and operational physics,

and 引力場 量子化 is still out of reach;

4.Verlinde全息屏

as imperfect and disputed as it is, is at least operational, and he leveraged on 热力学, which works pretty well once once 邊界條件, 初始條件 are given for a macro system, and there are tons of local systems in the social 引力場 as such, and Verlinde全息屏 is a good start to analyze those local systems;

5. I talk about tg only in the sense of Chinese culture and its 光刻 of our brain and the consequences, more and mostly from a social physics point of view, Chinese's social and political development in the next decade is almost a physics reality already;

5.1

more or less, we all have our brain 光刻 with local 光譜, 愛因斯坦的 sr, 廣義相對論 in a way is also 一個

局域的理論, 等效原理(Equivalence

Principle), and basically, 愛因斯坦 is telling us, hey, folks,

locally, you can only be as good as invariant under the Poincaré group, meaning we can not really see beyond our local 光譜 world ;

and for us Chinese, most of our brain are locally 光刻 by Chinese culture 光譜 for 6k years, and with that, no matter what 卷積 we try, most likely, we input, process, output 光 signals according the Chinese OS pre-installed in our brain, wherever we go, we are 炎黄子孙,

and that 炎黄's 光譜 range is statically observable and stable, fairly "narrow" in terms of 政治大事, and it may vary a little as those 炎黄子孙 moves around in today's world, physically or internet wise, but since their brain matter as developed over 6k years, there should be very little 色散, and their brain natural AI 本征譜/標量波動方程 should be able to handle those little 色散 stuff

and again from a social physics point of view, if you are a sys admin working for tg, you know how to touch those 炎黄子孙 's soft spot, making them work the way you want;

does white do that? more or less to some degree, but white knows how previledged and powerful a sys admin position as such could be, so, for their own sake, they have to hedge, 寡斷, instead of 壟斷, US 4 政委, etc;

5.2

and 愛因斯坦 was also telling us, the way we see this world is locally valid, logical, elevator's local life: 局部范围等效原理：引力=局部惯性系加速，and if you want to be more "robust", 狭义相对论 Poincare group always works, and other than that, most of the time newton/classical physics is good enough (we can explain 引力 as 局部惯性系(伽利略慣性系)加速) no gr sweating, happy local elevator life 4 ever, the physics of why we often feel good about ourselves locally;

but that good feeling is only locally valid, because there is a GR world, and within the elevator, we are always short sighted but still feeling good, because even the world is way beyond our local horizon, even we "see" it (but physically or mentally still stay within elevator to be local per GR ), we can still interpret what we see with our elevator logic, and everything remains the same, still no sweating;

5.3

but as I said before, our brain is actually pretty smart, and may be in the sense of 下意识, we somehow connect to the SR/GR's idea/concept that 光子运动不满足伽利略相对性原理, and there may be an issue with 伽利略相对性原理 and its titanic 伽利略 ship;

and since 光子 is really important as our brain food, we can't afford messing up with 光子运动, that is perhaps why intuitively we do have 危機感 some where some times, and we are always out there trying to learn something, we want to "grow", we just don't know what/how to learn.

5.4

but if we can really figure out GR and manage jumping out of our locally 光刻 brain box, a brave and beautiful new world will emerge in front of us, and that is why I said, if we can figure out this GR AI, our brain will be able to interact/新陳代謝 with GR's world and get GR energy injected into our mind body.

did prof yang say that he feel totally 青春换发 when he married that 28 young gal?

that used to be an emperor's privilege, with GR AI, those non emperor folks may be able to see their 后宫·甄嬛传 come true as well.

6

but how to jump out of our local 光譜 world ? 愛因斯坦 gr, gauge field theory;

and now Verlinde is saying, hey folks, I have a 全息屏, try that and tell me how do you feel

7.

socially and commercially, a GR AI is basically saying, hey, folks, if you pay and have me,

I will help you jump first into that brave and beautiful new world once it emerges, so you don't miss out

一部分人先富起来 's dream coming true window, often with a very short time horizon, then it get entropy maximized out, and inflation, and everybody becomes a millionaire, no 后宫·甄嬛传 any more

not what the paper was talking about at all

从高维到低维，已经知道有多种方式。但是从低维到高维，就没有什么方式，需要发散的就是这个。例如五维空间的物理，到10维空间的物理，等等。这是需要想象力的。

或者是其他的物理信息，普通人不能感受的那些物理信息。根据某种说法，人处理这些信息，先不是在新皮层里面处理，而是在更底层的脑处理，而你感受到了那些物理信息，触动了你的那些底层的脑的某种东西（这些东西多半是遗传留下来的），就直接指挥你的整个脑了，也包括新皮层，也包括其他的运动机能中心。

这是瞎猜想，不过多少有些依据。