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主题:【原创】如何看待Cochrane Reivews-- 送 -- 虽远必诛

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家园 【原创】如何看待Cochrane Reivews-- 送

还是谈这篇Cochrane Reviews: Chinese medicinal herbs for the common cold

首先建议大家看:外链出处

对于一个系统回顾,比较重要的内容是:检索范围,对RCTs评估标准和最后的意见汇总。

先看看这篇文章的检索范围:Electronic searches

We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials

(CENTRAL) (TheCochrane Library 2008, issue 2) which contains

the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group’s Specialised

Register; MEDLINE (1966 to May 2008); EMBASE (1980 to

May 2008); AMED(1985 toMay 2008); the Chinese Biomedical

Database (CBMdisc) (1978 to May 2008); and China National

Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (1994 to May 2008).

The MEDLINE search strategy is shown below. We combined

theMEDLINE search string with the highly sensitive search strategy

(Dickersin 1994). See Appendix 1 for the CENTRAL search

strategy. The search string was adapted for EMBASE, AMED, the

Chinese Biomedical Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure

关键词的使用:

1 exp Common cold/

2 common cold.mp.

3 exp Rhinovirus/

4 rhinovirus$.mp.

5 (upper respiratory tract infection$ or URTI).mp.

6 (upper respiratory infection$ or URI).mp.

7 or/1-6

8 exp Medicine, Chinese Traditional/

9 exp Drugs, Chinese Herbal/

10 herbal medic$.mp.

11 medicinal herb$.mp.

12 chinese herb$.mp.

13 chinese medic$.mp.

14 or/8-13

15 7 and 14

可谓一网打尽,不存在选择上的bias。

回顾作者一共有六个,远远高于最低要求的两个独立回顾者。

Six review authors (WT, ZX, ZJ, XLX, QY, LG) performed the

searches and retrieved articles.

有明确的对RCTs的评价标准,

最后检索的结果

A total of 430 trials that claimed to be randomised were retrieved.

We successfully contacted 365 trial authors by telephone.Of these

trials, 302 were excluded, either because the trial authors misunderstood

true random allocation or the trial reports were multiple

versions of same study (see the ’Characteristics of excluded studies’

table), of those, 67 were additional studies later excluded in this

updated version of review.

One hundred and nine are listed in the ’Studies awaiting classification’

section. One of these studies, for example, assessed an

intervention containing ’Yuxincao’, a drug which the State Food

and Drug Administration (SFDA) stopped production of, due to

unclear adverse events. Other trials are allocated to this section

as we could not locate the original trial authors to identify the

randomisation method.

Seventeen studies were identified as true RCTs and fulfilled our

inclusion criteria

因此这十七个RCTs是目前中药治疗感冒的最直接证据了。

然后就评价这十七个RCTs,简单明确。

待续。

家园 2 被枪毙的试验

当您看到430个试验,仅仅有17个入选,是不是把孩子同脏水一同泼掉了?

不是因为要回国的是RCTs, 因此如果不是RCTs就不能入选,因此在个人的体会,神迹,各种大师的报道,对不起,别拿出来。

看看被枪毙的一些试验您就知道了。

Bao 2000a Described as a ’randomised controlled trial’. We telephoned the original author and learned that this was actually a

retrospective paper and a summary of the author’s clinical experience

用姓时间A,B,C是最标准的APA格式,当然不要指望棒槌知道什么是APA。

感慨一下,连APA格式都不知道,也出来评估医学文献,无语。没吃过猪肉,还没看见过猪跑?

这个文献被否定的原因是,声称是RCT但是实际上是作者个人的医学临床经验回顾。

看来普及基础知识太重要的,连什么是RCT都不知道,这个叫病案报道,case report。

Bao 2001 Described as a ’randomised controlled trial’.We telephone interviewed the original author and learned that patients

were allocated by author

这个是因为患者没有被随机分组,是作者主观分组的,明显的bias。

Bao 2003 Described as a ’randomised controlled trial’. We telephoned the original author and learned that the allocation

method was according to the order the patients came to the hospital

这个是因为患者被方便分组,convenience sample,就是第一个看病是治疗组,第二个是治疗组,以此类推,这个不是随机分组。

Cao 2003 Described as a ’randomised controlled trial’. We telephoned the original author and learned that the method of

allocation was not randomised

原因:非随机分组,但是声称是随机。

Chen 1994 Described as a ’randomised controlled trial’. The original author refused our telephone interview

原因:作者拒绝电话访问!!!!!

这个可能您认为比较怨望,但是这是EBM的基本规则,没有被证明的就是不存在。

您可以说这个试验本身确实RCT,但是因为作者忙,脾气不好,没有给钱,等等,就明珠暗投了。

可惜,这些辩解没有用,即便是接受电话访问,回顾者还要看原始数据资料,不是,口说就可以的。

别做梦,别相信任何人。

Chen 2001 Described as a ’randomised controlled trial’. We telephone interviewed the original author and the answer was “no,

I don’t know how to allocate the patients”. Thus, this study was considered a non-RCT

这个比较搞,连如何分组都不懂,还声称是RCT。

Chen 2004c Described as a ’randomised controlled trial’. We telephone interviewed the original author, but he could not verify

the randomisation method

无法提供具体分组细节,光声称是RCT,不被承认。

Chen 2007b Described as a ’randomised controlled trial’. We telephone interviewed the original author and learned that the

patients were allocated based on their birth date

按照患者生日分组,也是方便样本不是随机分组。

Chen 2008 Described as a ’randomised controlled trial’. We telephone interviewed the original author and learned that the

patients were allocated based on their bed number

患者床位号码分组,还是方便样本,不是随机分组。

Cheng 1997 Not only common cold, but 23 patients with acute laryngotracheitis were included. The data could not be separated

for analysis[/QUOTE

包括23个喉支气管炎,在后期的分析中没有单独分析。这个试验的患者选择有问题,要测试的患者不是要回顾的人群。

[QUOTE]Dai 1997 Described as a ’randomised controlled trial’. We telephone interviewed the original author and the randomisation

was stated to be “not performed exactly according to the rule”

随机分组,但是执行的不严格。不是RCT

Diao 2003 A version of Jiang 2003a

一稿多投,恶习。

Gao 2000 Described as a ’randomised controlled trial’.We telephone interviewed the original author and the allocation method

was described as “randomly select patients as control”

随机选择患者做对照,但是不是全部患者。

Hou 2001a Combined Yiqin capsule with antibiotics did not match our inclusion criteria

同时使用中西药,无法判断是否中药有效。

Li 1999b Described as a ’randomised controlled trial’. We telephone interviewed the original author and the randomisation

method an inadequate method, “Chouqian”

抽签,不是自然随机分组。

Pan 2001a Multiple versions of included study Pan 2000

这家伙一稿投了六次。

Tang 2003 Described as a ’randomised controlled trial’. We telephone interviewed the original author and learned that the

children were allocated according to their age.

年龄分组,不是随机分组。

以上仅仅是典型的例子,每一个都有很多的不同版本。

这个Cochrane Reviews是建立在回顾所有目前有效的文献基础上的,尽量的消灭一切的bias。

竟然有人说这回顾,充满的bias, 别给学统计的人丢脸,好不好?

家园 大夫你太有工夫了。。。
家园 虽远大夫只懂冷冰冰的医学逻辑

不懂人家只相信愿意相信的“信者恒信”逻辑。

50分,不及格。

花上。

家园 大夫对医学普及做了不少工作,佩服!
家园 最近光看您给大家扫盲了

诊所怎么样,开张了吗?

家园 谢谢关心,还在忙手续。

实际上都是一样的活,就是现在的owner把诊所转让给我而已,但是最近这不是过洋节嘛,鬼子都去好力逮去了,要过了新年后,吃人肉和人血的律师才回来上班。

特慢。

当然,自己干,就有很多的责任和压力了,恐怕就没有很多的空闲了。

家园 都用些什么中药?

作为对重要的研究,大家一定想知道到底用过那些,是否您心目中的姜汤没有被选用。

看看明细表

中药 拉丁          英文

黄芩:Huangqin, Radix Scutellariae,    Baical Skullcap root

连翘:Lianqiao Fructus Forsythiae,     Weeping Forsythia capsule

虎杖:Huzhang  Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati   Giant Knotweed rhizome

山芝麻:Shanzhima Radix Helicteris       Narrowleaf Screwtree root

金银花:Jinyinhua Flos Lonicerae    Honeysuckle flower

青蒿: Qinhao Herba Artemisiae    SweetWormwood herb

柴胡: Chaihu Radix Bupleuri   Chinese Thorowax root /Red Thorowax root

细辛:Xixin Herba Asari    Manchurian Wildginger

葛根:Gegen Radix Puerariae    Kudzuvine root

黄连:Huanglian Rhizoma Coptidis    Colden thread

炙甘草:Zhigancao Radix Glycyrrhizae    Liquorice root

杭菊花:Hangjuhua Flos Chrysanthemi    Chrysanthemun flower

苦杏仁:Kuxinren   Semen Armeniacae Amarum  Apricot kernel

Shanzha Fructus Crataegi Hawthorn fruit

陈皮:Chenpi     Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae   Dried Tangerine peel

牛黄:Niuhuang    Calculus Bovis        Bezoar

水牛角:Shuiniujiao   Cornu Bubali       Buffalo horn

珍珠母:Zhenzhumu Concha Margaritifera    Usta Nacre

栀子:Zhizi Fructus Gardeniae    Cape Jasmine fruit

板蓝根:Banlangen  Radix Isatidis        Isatis root

石膏:Shigao     Gypsum            Fibrosum Gypsum

桑叶:Sangye     Folium Mori         Mulberry leaf

野菊花:Yejuhua    Flos Chrysanthemi Indici  Wild Chrysanthemum

鱼腥草:Yuxingcao  Herba Houttuyniae       Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb

薄荷油:Boheyou   Herba Menthae         oil Peppermint oil

紫苏叶:isuye    Folium Perillae        Perilla leaf

羌活:Qianghuo   Rhizoma Notopterygii      Incised Notopterygium rhizome/Forbes Notopterygium rhizome

荆芥:Jinjie  Herba Schizonepetae         Fineleaf Schizonepeta herb

家园 中药明细二

中药            拉丁               英文

广藿香:Guanghexiang Herba Pogostemonis Cablin Potchouli herb

防风:Fangfeng     Radix Saposhnikoviae      Divaricate Saposhnikovia root

羌活:Qianhu     Radix Peucedani         Whiteflower Hogfennel root/Common Hongfennel root

浮萍:Fuping     Herba Spirodelae           Common Ducksmeat herb

茯苓皮:Fulinpi Poria skin Indian Buead skin

金莲花:Jinlianhua Flos Trollii Chinese Globeflower flower

大青叶:Daqingye   Folium Isatidis         Indigowoad leaf

生石膏:Shenshigao Gypsum Fibrosum Gypsum

知母:Zhimu Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Common Anemarrhena rhizome

生地:Shendi Radix Rehmanniae Rehmannia root

玄参:Xuanshen Radix Scrophulariae Figwort root

苦杏仁:Kuxingren Semen Armeniacae Amarum Bitter Apricot Seed

郁金:Yujin Radix Curcumae Turmeric root-tuber

麻黄:Mahuang Herba Ephedrae Ephedra herbs

山豆根:Shandougen Radix Sophorae Tonkinensis Vietnamese Sophora root

薄荷:Bohe Herba Menthae Peppermint

冰片:Bingpian Borneolum Borneol

甘草:Gancao Radix Glycyrrhizae Liquoric root

石菖蒲:Shichangpu Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii Grassleaf Sweelflag rhizome

穿心莲:Chuanxinlian Herba Andrographis Common Andrographis herb

哎呀!我去,竟然没有大名鼎鼎的生姜,为啥没有姜汤呢?

点看全图

外链图片需谨慎,可能会被源头改

为啥?要不要搞一个投票?

点看全图

外链图片需谨慎,可能会被源头改

家园 呵呵 大夫辛苦啦
家园 中医专家说了

只有真正的高手才用姜汤,这些搞试验的都是盲目按照西医标准的投降派,都是沽名钓誉,不是真正的高手。 你的明白?

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