主题：【文摘】动物性爱千奇百怪：“老公”住在“妻”肚里 -- 不爱吱声

文章来源: 扬子晚报 于 2004-01-13 13:30:16

　　对于人类来说，千奇百怪的动物世界充满了众多谜团，你听说过专偷啄“二奶”下蛋的雌大苇莺吗？你听说过“丈夫”身份不是由雄雌现象、而是由个头大小来决定的奇怪动物吗？你听说过有的动物性别可以像妖精一样随意变换吗？最新一期美国《时代周刊》科学版首次披露了动物世界的一些奇诞“性爱故事”。

　　太会吃醋的“妻子”

　　在动物世界中，如果雄性稀缺的话，那么雌性也许将成为凶猛的竞争者。雄麻雀和大苇莺经常会娶两个“妻子”，为了独享“丈夫”的爱，雌麻雀和雌大苇莺经常会偷偷啄碎“二奶”下的蛋。而雌性蝾螈则会偷走雄性蝾螈的精囊袋，防止它跟其他异性交配。“接生婆蟾蜍”的行为则更加暴烈，如果它看到自己的“丈夫”和其他异性交配，它会愤怒地将这对“苟合男女”撕成碎片。

　　谁个头小谁做“丈夫”

　　科学家发现，在一对小丑鱼“夫妇”中，如果雌性鱼死去的话，那么伤心的“鳏夫”在过了一段日子后，它会慢慢地转变自己性别，变成另一条雌性鱼。在一种海洋蚯蚓中，如果两只雌性相遇了，那么个头比较小的那只会渐渐转变成雄性，化身为“丈夫”。当然，如果后来“丈夫”的个头又超过了“妻子”，它们的“夫妻”角色又会进行转变。一句话，谁个头小，谁就做“丈夫”。

　　住在“妻子”肚子里

　　对于雄性“纸鹦鹉螺”来说，它与异性的交配方式是将自己的生殖器官像鱼雷一样地射向雌性腹中，像精子银行一样地储存在雌性体内。同样，雄性琵琶鱼喜欢在尺寸大得多的雌琵琶鱼肚上挖一个洞钻进去，躲在里面成为一个“寄生丈夫”。而雌性绿匙虫在交配前，则将个头很小的雄性吸入自己体内的一个“小男人屋”中，雄性绿匙虫会一直居住在那儿，直到雌性绿匙虫成功受精。

　　怀孕的海马爸爸

　　在海马世界中，通常都是雄性怀孕，它们的肚子鼓涨得像个气球，然后产出小海马。雄性“达尔文青蛙”也是一个辛苦的父亲，它会吞下受精后的卵子，让下一代在自己的嘴巴中孵化。而对于许多鱼类和禽类来说，像保姆一样细心照料孩子更是司空见惯的事。

　　可怕的千变妖精

　　对于海蛤蝓家族来说，你永远无法知道门里面坐着的那个家伙是雄性还是雌性，因为它的性别只取决于来拜访的客人的性别，如果客人是雄性，那么它就会变成雌性；相反如果客人是雌性，那么它就会变成雄性！这种可怕的双性现象还发生在蚯蚓、欧洲大花园虫身上，而黑哈姆雷特鱼则是少数几种可以随意变换自身性别的脊椎动物。

　　将“情人”吞入肚中

　　对于螳螂和澳大利亚赤背蜘蛛来说，当“男孩”与“女孩”约会时，“女孩”往往会张开血盆大口将“男孩”一寸寸吞入腹中。而在“刚毛海蚯蚓”家族中，则是“男孩”约会时吃掉“女孩”，当雌性“刚毛海蚯蚓”死亡后，雄性爸爸会细心照料受精卵，直到它们孵化出来。对于那些一生中没有第二次交配机会的动物种类来说，雄性有时还会自我牺牲，将自己当做雌性“最后的晚餐”，以便下一代能更好地生长下来。

　　一生只爱你一个

　　在自然界动物当中，“一夫一妻制”是很不平常的一件事。但对于黑秃鹫、加利福尼亚鼠和南极企鹅们来说，它们的“夫妻”生活可说是无可挑剔的“一夫一妻制”，在它们中间绝没有任何妻子红杏出墙或丈夫寻花问柳的风流韵事发生。在它们的一生中，雄性和雌性的恩爱可能会保持一生，当一方死去后，另一方会痛不欲生，有的甚至会殉情自杀。对于奉行“一夫一妻制”准则的动物来说，当它们为配偶梳理毛发时，它们的动作无疑是在宣称∶“这一生只爱你一个”。（来源: 扬子晚报 木子）

我今天刚看到。我找来了原文的插图，大家看看。

CRIMES OF PASSION

Rough sex for many species can range from brutal love bites to lethal lust. Male dung flies, mountain sheep and some frogs, in their zeal to procreate, will swarm, harass and harm females, sometimes fatally. For Hawaiian monk seals, where males outnumber females 3 to 1, mating violence is so serious that biologists are worried that the species may be endangered.

HERMAPHRODITES

Changing sexes is one thing; being both sexes at once is quite another. Hermaphrodites abound in the animal kingdom: how sensible to be able to mate with whoever happens to knock on the door! Among those that can truly swing both ways are the sea slug, the earthworm and the European giant garden slug. The black hamlet fish is the rare vertebrate in which members of a mating pair can take turns being male or female..

FEMALES SCORNED

When males are in short supply, females can become fierce competitors. Female house sparrows and great reed warblers, whose males often take two mates, may try to smash a rival's eggs. Unattached smooth newt females will steal a male's sperm packet just as he deposits it for his mate. Midwife toads are even more proactive: jealous females will tear copulating couples asunder.

SHAGADELIC LOVEFEST

If it feels good, do it. That seems to be the motto of the bonobos, whose same- and opposite-sex coupling seems as casual as a Hollywood air kiss and can include oral sex, French kissing and the missionary position. For these chimplike apes, sex serves as all-purpose social lubricant. Dolphins have no such excuses for their kinky behavior: they sometimes try to mate with sea turtles.

SPECIAL DELIVERY

Love is war for the male paper nautilus, whose idea of sex is to heave his manhood―and his genes―like a tiny torpedo into the female. Once implanted, the male organ serves as a built-in sperm bank. Similarly, the male anglerfish burrows into the belly of its much bigger mate and becomes a permanent, parasitic testicle. The female green spoon worm inhales the tiny male, who then resides in the androecium ("little man house"), a nook in the reproductive tract from which he fertilizes eggs.

CANNIBALS

Love hurts―and in some species, it kills. For the praying mantis and the Australian redback spider, it's boy meets girl, girl eats boy. But not until boy passes along his genes to the next generation. In the marine bristle worm, however, it's boy eats girl. The male guards the fertilized eggs until they hatch, and since the female dies after mating anyway, the male sometimes has her for supper. For species that have little chance of mating again, a parent offering itself as a last meal can be a bit of insurance that the offspring will survive.

SEX CHANGES

Don't tell Nemo's dad, but if the female half of a pair of clown fish dies, the widower usually responds by turning into a female. In one species of marine worm, when two shes meet, the smaller becomes a he (but since males grow faster, they are likely to swap roles again). When too many male slipper limpets surround a female, the males change sex―then it's their turn to get hit on.

TILL DEATH DO US PART

And now for something truly unusual in nature: monogamy. For the black vulture, the California mouse and the chinstrap penguin, this rare state of affairs―or lack of affairs―is in the best interests of both male and female. Monogamy may not be for everyone, but staying faithful is sometimes the shrewdest reproductive strategy of all.

PREGNANT MALES

Jokes about who wears the pants in the family are a corny stand-up staple. Tell that to the sea horse. It is the male who becomes pregnant, blows up like a balloon and delivers the young. The male Darwin frog swallows fertilized eggs and broods the young in his mouth. Ditto for the Japanese cardinal fish. In fact, males of many species―fish and fowl―are in charge of child care.