西西河

主题:【求助】本人经济白痴,想问一下这里的大虾,外资控股银行是怎么回事 -- 刺客999

共:💬72 🌺2
分页树展主题 · 全看首页 上页
/ 5
下页 末页
  • 家园 【求助】本人经济白痴,想问一下这里的大虾,外资控股银行是怎么回事

    外国如(美,英等)有类似的政策吗?

    • 家园 看看与俄罗斯衰落的对比

      张宏良认为,既得利益阶层将金融控股权拱手相让的主要目的在于借外国势力保护自己的既得利益。虽然张教授的不少文章有夸大其辞和不严谨的作风,但我认为这种揣测是非常有道理的。清华大学的李稻葵教授有一篇介绍俄罗斯衰落的文章,非常值得参考。

      他在介绍俄罗斯的私有化初衷时,可以看到这种目的与张宏良所说的何其相似

      安德烈·施莱法早在帮助俄罗斯设计私有化计划之时就明确表示:俄罗斯私有化的本质不是经济问题,而是政治问题,就是要通过迅速的私有化使得社会主义的经济制度在俄罗斯不可能复辟。因为大规模的私有化产生了大量的私有产权的维护者,他们会起来反对任何的复辟。最近他又专门论述了俄罗斯十年来的经济改革,他的基本要点非常明确,也就是他文章的题目,即俄罗斯已经变成了一个“普通的国家”。“普通的国家”当然不能由政府拥有巨大的资源,“普通的国家”当然不能有强大的军队,“普通的国家”当然也不能有强大的国家能力。所以说,西方主流的意识形态即使不是俄罗斯经济衰退最根本的原因,至少也起到了推波助澜的作用。可以负责任地说,要把俄罗斯从一个超级大国“改革”为一个“普通国家”,这正是西方主流思想家们所最追求的战略目标。

      而俄罗斯犯的错误也恰好是我们所常见的一些问题:

      首先,俄罗斯改革战略中的一系列失误,对中国的改革具有直接的警示作用。比如,在国有企业改革问题上,俄罗斯走的是最激进的产权改革之路,事实上为企业高层经理的资产掠夺打开方便之门,最终导致政治、经济寡头控制的局面。中国的大型国有企业改革必须引以为戒。在金融改革方面,俄罗斯过早开放资本流动带来了恶果,中国必须以此为镜,在控制资本账户的前提下,积极引进外国金融服务,以提高自己金融业的经营水平(相关观点见上期“全球视点”)。

      前者基本就是国内01-04年前后风行的MBO,被郎咸平坏了好事;后者就是我们今天的处境,过早开放金融业,而且这样大开,实在不好预测。

      原文参考外链出处

    • 家园 做点关于中国加入WTO协议方面的研究吧

      您可以在WTO网站上找到此协议。根据该协议规定,中国对金融业的保护期限为5年,即自加入WTO之日(2001年11月11日)起5年后,中国应对所有WTO成员国开放金融市场,对其它WTO成员国的金融机构实行国民待遇,据此其它WTO成员国金融机构有权控股中资银行。反之也成立。如果今天中国银行买断美州银行,最起码在法律上是没有什么障碍的。唯一的阻力来自于美国国会,因为任何时候它都可以国家安全为由否决交易,一如它们在中海油收购Unicol中做的那样。当然,美国过得了初一,我们就可以过十五,比如我们政府就曾威胁要否决凯雷投资对徐工的收购。

      坦率地说,我觉得在这个问题上您过虑了。如今的世界即竞争又合作,合作是为了获取竞争优势。在全球化不断深入发展的今天,没有一个国家可以大小通吃或者吃独食,既便强大如老美者也力所不逮,而况中国乎?中国在实物生产领域独领风骚的同时,也不能不考虑利益平衡,分一杯羹给其它国家,不然别的国家就可能会对中国关闭市场,那样的话生意就没办法做下去了。金融方面的损失,如果真如您担忧的那样的话,我相信也是没有办法的事,毕竟我们还没有强大到可以随意制定修改规则的地步!

      如果您熟悉《教父》,您可能记得教父Michael在将家族权力交由他的侄子时,说过一句话,"It is the price you have to pay." 国与国之间的关系和《教父》中描述的世界并无二致,冷酷而血腥的丛林法则是仍然是支配国家关系的根本准则。所以,我们需要少发点牢骚,多做点研究,努力做好自己的本职工作。只有中国腰杆子硬了,才有能力使国际规则向着有利于自己的方向改变。

      • 家园 请看我国入WTO 原件,没有什么外资银行控股条例

        在附录9中提到了金融业:

        WTO Package - Annex 9: Schedule of Specific Commitments on Services List of Article II MFN Exemptions

        2006-11-15 13:49:44 China Daily

        As indicated in paragraph 343 of the Report of the Working Party on the Accession of China (WT/ACC/CHN/49), the Schedule of Specific Commitments on Services resulting from the negotiations between the People's Republic of China and WTO Members is annexed to the Protocol of Accession of China and is reproduced hereunder.

        Banking and Other Financial Services (excluding insurance and securities)

        Banking services as listed below:

        a. Acceptance of deposits and other repayable funds from the public;

        b. Lending of all types, including consumer credit, mortgage credit, factoring and financing of commercial transaction;

        c. Financial leasing;

        d. All payment and money transmission services, including credit, charge and debit cards, travellers cheques and bankers drafts(including import and export settlement);

        e. Guarantees and commitments;

        f. Trading for own account or for account of customers: foreign exchange.

        Modes of supply: (1) Cross-border supply (2) Comsumption abroad (3) Commercial presence (4) Presence of natural persons

        Limitations on market access

        (1) Unbound except for the following:

        - Provision and transfer of financial information, and financial data processing and related software by suppliers of other financial services;

        - Advisory, intermediation and other auxiliary financial services on all activities listed in subparagraphs (a) through (k), including credit reference and analysis, investment and portfolio research and advice, advice on acquisitions and on corporate restructuring and strategy.

        (2) None

        (3) A. Geographic coverage

        For foreign currency business, there will be no geographic restriction upon accession.

        For local currency business, the geographic restriction will be phased out as follows:

        Upon accession, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Dalian; Within one year after accession, Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Qingdao, Nanjing and Wuhan;

        within two years after accession, Jinan, Fuzhou, Chengdu and Chongqing; within three years after accession, Kunming, Beijing and Xiamen; Within four years after accession, Shantou, Ningbo, Shenyang and Xi'an.

        Within five years after accession, Jinan, Fuzhou, Chengdu and Chongqing; within three years after accession, Kunming, Beijing and Xiamen;

        Within four years after accession, Shantou, Ningbo, Shenyang and Xi'an. Within five years after accession, all geographic restrictions will be removed.

        B. Clients

        For foreign currency business, foreign financial institutions will be permitted to provide services in China without restriction as to clients upon accession.

        For local currency business, within two years after accession, foreign financial institutions will be permitted to provide services to Chinese enterprises.

        Within five years after accession, foreign financial institutions will be permitted to provide services to all Chinese clients.

        Foreign financial institutions licensed for local currency business in one region of China may service clients in any other region that has been opened for such business.

        C. Licensing

        Criteria for authorization to deal in China's financial services sector are solely prudential (i.e., contain no economic needs test or quantitative limits on licenses). Within five years after accession, any existing non-prudential measures restricting ownership, operation, and juridical form of foreign financial institutions, including on internal branching and licenses, shall be eliminated.

        Foreign financial institutions who meet the following condition are permitted to establish a subsidiary of a foreign bank or a foreign finance company in China:

        - total assets of more than US $10 billion at the end of the year prior to filing the application.

        Foreign financial institutions who meet the following condition are permitted to establish a branch of a foreign bank in China:

        - total assets of more than US $20 billion at the end of the year prior to filing the application.

        Foreign financial institutions who meet the following condition are permitted to establish a Chinese-foreign joint bank or a Chinese-foreign joint finance company in China:

        - total assets of more than US $10 billion at the end of the year prior to filing the application.

        Qualifications for foreign financial institutions to engage in local currency business are as follows:

        - three years business operation in China and being profitable for two consecutive years prior to the application, otherwise, none.

        (4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

        Limitation on national treatment

        (1) None

        (2) None

        (3) Except for geographic restrictions and client limitations on local currency business (listed in the market access column), foreign financial institution may do business, without restrictions or need for case-by-case approval, with foreign invested enterprises, non-Chinese natural persons, Chinese natural persons and Chinese enterprises. Otherwise, none.

        (4) Unbound except as indicated in Horizontal Commitments.

        Additional commitments

        For financial leasing services, foreign financial leasing corporations will be permitted to provide financial leasing service at the same time as domestic corporations.

        并没有说要允许外资控股中国的银行,只是说,在条件满足的情况下,允许其设立分支机构,进行人民币业务。

        所以这一办法是超出了当初加入WTO承诺的。

    • 家园 这边在美国的朋友很多,我想求证一个问题.

      美国的法律有规定外资投美国银行的比例不能超过

      10%.是吗?

分页树展主题 · 全看首页 上页
/ 5
下页 末页


有趣有益,互惠互利;开阔视野,博采众长。
虚拟的网络,真实的人。天南地北客,相逢皆朋友

Copyright © cchere 西西河