主题：【文摘】我们是以非市场经济国家身份加入世贸组织的 -- dafemren2

[击鼓骂曹]

这些天关于美国否认中国市场经济地位的问题闹得沸沸扬扬，不少媒体专家高官感到非常遗憾和难以理解，是啊，也真为难他们了，改革奋斗了半天，国有企业已经垮的垮卖的卖，国家的社会责任和公共福利被一减再减，社会养老医疗教育失业等开支占国家财政的比率不但远远小于发达国家甚至比起很多发展中国家都不如，右派精英专家们正在高声歌颂这伟大的创举歌颂这市场经济的建立甚至还认为政府的财政负担应该越来越小，最好什莫都不管，医疗教育全部产业化，国有企业全部卖掉，没钱看病就等死，没钱上学就辍学，找不到工作就呆着（发达国家还有政府建立的职业介绍所免费为失业者介绍工作），反正这就是市场经济全部市场化比发达国家还市场市场的不能再市场，英国还全民医疗，法国德国大学还免费哪，甚至连巴西都实行了全民医疗！国有企业更是被骂的体无完肤给推上了绞架，结果人家不领情，还是不承认你市场经济地位，你看气不气人！美国怎末就不理解右派精英专家们的苦心哪？

记得刚加入世贸组织的时候，有些人质疑我们的让步是不是太大了，不少右派精英专家们频频露面指点江山，他们说：虽然让步大了点（大发多了，不信比比印度墨西哥日本韩国的入世条件，你会吓死或者气死，至今也没有人敢比一比，我们的让步条件是最苛刻的），但是！但是我们加入了世贸组织后我们就是市场经济国家了，我们就不受贸易限制了，我们就融入实际市场了，别国就不能限制我们的商品了。

听着也有点道理，所谓长远利益，现在损失点就损失点吧，直到今年早些时候我看了参考消息我才恍然大悟，原来中国是以非市场经济国家的身份加入世贸组织的！！！明白了吧！！！那条报道我至今记忆犹新，说的是德国对中国部分纺织品进行进口限制，德国的媒体也有些觉得理由不充分，认为是政府进行贸易保护（人家媒体也有仗义的），德国政府贸易部门辩解说这完全符合世贸组织的原则，因为中国加入世贸组织是以非市场经济国家的地位加入的，在2016年之前，任何国家都可以单方面对中国商品进行进口限制！！！

明白了吧！比如说我是一个国家政府，中国出口到我这的某种商品（比如皮鞋）大幅度增加，那我就可以对中国皮鞋进行进口限制即使没有倾销行为和不公正行为，不管什莫世贸组织的自由贸易和反对贸易限制与关税非关税壁垒原则，如果是马来西亚或者泰国皮鞋我就不能这样做。因为你中国是以非市场经济国家身份加入的，这可是世贸组织历史上绝无仅有的，而且中国承诺在2016年之前，任何国家都可以单方面对中国商品进行进口限制。这更是前所未有的，加入了事贸组织竟然还是非市场经济国家的身份，任何别的成员国都可以对中国商品进行单方面进口限制！！！真是天晓得！！！！

我知道后差点没吓死，这也太苛刻了吧简直苛刻到家了，真不知道是谁想出的这招，真绝了！一杆子指到2016年了，我真服了！！这不今天凤凰卫视新闻关于美国讨论中国的市场经济地位时也报道了：因为中国加入世贸组织是以非市场经济国家的地位加入的，在2016年之前，任何国家都可以单方面对中国商品进行进口限制！！！

贸易部中国入世法律文件,有兴趣可参考,网址见内

http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/200207/20020700032358_1.xml

Trade-Status Battle Heats Up

Beijing Steps Up Its Effort

To Overturn Designation

As Nonmarket Economy

By CHARLES HUTZLER

Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL

June 24, 2004

BEIJING -- China, normally under pressure from the U.S. and European Union on trade, is trying to turn the tables, urging the major trading partners to change an obscure classification that is hurting Chinese exporters.

Beijing recently has stepped up a year-old lobbying effort to overturn the classification -- embedded in its terms of entry to the World Trade Organization -- which designates China a "nonmarket economy." The status has made it easier for trading partners to impose penalties on hundreds of millions of dollars of various Chinese exports, from bras to bedroom furniture. And Beijing's campaign is gaining ground. Trading partners from Thailand to New Zealand have agreed to change the classification. The EU will issue a preliminary response on China's request for a status change by June 30, and Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao as well as two vice premiers voiced concerns about the designation to visiting U.S. Commerce Secretary Don Evans this week.

GROWING PAINS

China Moves to Limit Borrowings in Dollars

Mr. Evans, at the end of two days of meetings, said yesterday that Washington wants to devise a road map for China to follow, but it is likely to be a long haul. The Chinese government must stop micromanaging the economy, he said, and roll back controls over large enterprises, raw materials, real estate, the currency and its banking system. China must make some of these changes, he said, to meet qualifications as a market economy set out in U.S. law. "There's a false perception that there's a lot of room for us to make a decision on who's a market economy," Mr. Evans said in an interview.

Beijing's full-court press shows how China is gearing up to pursue its own trade agenda. Mr. Evans said that in his meetings he also brought up America's politically explosive trade deficit with China, $124 billion last year, checked on China's progress in curbing piracy of intellectual property and discussed possible U.S. cooperation in building nuclear-energy and other power plants. But just as the administration of President George W. Bush is under pressure at home to prove it is getting China to pare its lopsided trade surplus, Beijing is trying to show Chinese businesses that it can push back.

China needs "to use the rules to its advantage," Zhang Xiangchen, a Chinese Ministry of Commerce official who works on WTO affairs, said Tuesday. Mr. Zhang said he remembered that during the painstaking negotiations to join the WTO, China's chief negotiator, Long Yongtu, told his aides: "China will one day set the rules for others to follow."

The nonmarket-economy designation has become a test case of this more-energetic policy. Under its WTO agreement, China can be considered a nonmarket economy until 2015. The classification allows trading partners to compare the prices of Chinese products with those in a surrogate country -- India, in the case of the U.S. and EU -- in determining whether Chinese goods are being sold abroad at unfairly low prices. The result: The U.S. and EU filed 96 antidumping cases against China in the past two years, according to the Ministry of Commerce. The U.S. has imposed antidumping duties on textiles, televisions, and, just last week, wooden bedroom furniture -- buoyant sectors that accounted for nearly one-fifth of Chinese exports last year.

Some Chinese furniture makers are fuming over these actions. Yang Xingding, president of Starcorp Furniture Co. in Shanghai, one of seven companies that account for 40% of the exports to the U.S., said Starcorp tried to prove to U.S. officials that it was operating on market principles and without government support, but it still was slapped with a 24.34% tariff. Mr. Yang said he stopped exporting to the U.S. in May and criticized the Chinese government for offering little help.

Still, the furniture tariffs, ranging from 4.9% to 198%, were lower than the 400% that U.S. industry sought, and the lower penalties were an acknowledgment that some Chinese companies are making headway toward free-market operations. Grant Aldonas, the U.S. Commerce Department's undersecretary for international affairs who is traveling with Mr. Evans, said one purpose of the trip was to go over issues where China needs to make progress. These include China's need to move toward a convertible currency and bargaining rights for workers, he said. A joint panel was set up in April to deal with specific issues, he said, and a senior Commerce official will visit Beijing in early July to hold more talks.

不管什么价，老百姓都要买的，徒添CPI而已。老葛最不喜欢BUSH贸易保护这一套了。

不过弱势群体因此给老美这些政客看着以为可以利用上，倒是阴狠。

for other trading issues with china, such as financial industry, software or industries need high government support or endorsements.

Furniture industry is a dead industry here, everyone knows that. But they are very smart on leveraging the dead horse.

U.S. Official Says China

Vows to Cut Trade Gap

Commerce Chief, Visiting

Beijing, Pledges to Be Tough

In Pushing for Level Field

ASSOCIATED PRESS

June 25, 2004; Page A9

BEIJING -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and other top officials promised to do more to help trim Beijing's soaring trade surplus with the U.S., said U.S. Commerce Secretary Don Evans.

Diplomatic efforts, rather than threatening trade sanctions, are the best way to improve China's trade and labor policies, he said.

Still, Mr. Evans vowed to be "tough, very tough" on enforcing U.S. trade laws. China's trade surplus with the U.S. hit a record $124 billion in 2003.

"We have to make sure there is a level playing field in markets around the world," Mr. Evans said.

His visit comes as the countries trade accusations over the alleged dumping of various products in their markets.

Mr. Evans urged Beijing to be "open and transparent" in its handling of a complaint against Corning Inc., of Corning, N.Y., that it sold optical fiber at unjustifiably low prices in China.

Commerce Minister Bo Xilai told Mr. Evans that China believed a similar U.S. allegation against Chinese makers of wooden furniture was a violation of fair-trade rules, the ministry said in a posting on its Web site.

Mr. Evans described the Commerce Department ruling -- calling for tariffs of as much as 198% on Chinese-made beds and other furniture -- as "preliminary."

The case will "be handled in a very, very open and transparent process," he said. "All parties will have an opportunity to come in and present their responses."

Also Thursday, U.S. Labor Secretary Elaine Chao said she was raising the cases of two imprisoned Chinese labor activists in meetings with Chinese officials. Her visit follows a decision by the U.S. government to reject a petition by the AFL-CIO, the largest U.S. labor group, demanding a probe of Chinese labor abuses.

Ms. Chao, the first U.S. labor secretary to visit China in 16 years, gave no details of her comments to Chinese leaders or their response about Yao Fuxin and Xiao Yunliang, who were imprisoned last year following protests by laid-off workers.

Ms. Chao described their situation as "very serious and very sad" and said she would mention it during a meeting Thursday with Chinese Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing.

China's Communist leaders allow only government-controlled unions and use vague security laws to prosecute independent labor activists.

Mr. Yao was sentenced to seven years in prison and Mr. Xiao to four years. Their wives asked Ms. Chao to appeal for their release.

Ms. Chao cited no other specific cases or complaints about Chinese labor conditions -- the focus of what she described as "candid" talks. But she said Chinese labor and safety officials openly acknowledged problems.

"China's economic conditions are so vibrant that many labor issues have not kept pace with the growth of the economy," she said.

Workplace accidents killed 14,675 Chinese workers last year, the government says.

Copyright © 2004 Associated Press