主题：意大利医生说伦巴第地区去年就发生奇怪未知肺炎 -- hwd99

翻译自：https://www.npr.org/2020/03/19/817974987/every-single-individual-must-stay-home-italy-s-coronavirus-deaths-pass-china-s

npr是美国国家公共广播电台，美国著名广播电台，是一家享有国际声誉的非营利性发布生产商和经销商的消息、谈话及娱乐节目，是美国最大的公共广播电台。

“每个人都必须呆在家里”:意大利的冠状病毒激增使医院不堪重负

周二，在罗马的哥伦布Covid 2医院，一名生物病房的病人被担架抬离救护车。意大利卫生系统正努力跟上冠状病毒病例的快速增长。

亚历山德拉·塔伦蒂诺/美联社

达尼埃拉·德·罗萨是意大利西南部坎帕尼亚地区的一名43岁的兽医，她在周末用COVID-19住院时发了一条视频信息。她的视频请求在意大利引起了很大关注，在报道的新冠状病毒死亡人数上，意大利刚刚超过中国。

“我在医院房间里被隔离了这么多天，我都数不清了，”她说。"除了医生，我一天两次不和任何人接触。"

“很少有人明白发生了什么。我希望人们看到我正在受苦，”德·罗萨继续说道。

“每个人都必须呆在家里，不要危及他人的生命，”她坚持说。

自该视频于上周日在脸书上分享以来，已有超过1100万的浏览量。

冠状病毒危机记者笔记本:冠状病毒封锁下的罗马生活是什么样的

截至周四下午，意大利已经登记了41035例冠状病毒诊断和3405例死亡。死亡人数现在高于中国已知的COVID-19死亡人数3200多人。本月早些时候，意大利成为第一个在全国范围内封锁疫情的西方国家，但尽管采取了严格的措施，病例数量仍在继续上升。

意大利有一个全民医疗保健系统。但是现在，它的医院和医务人员不堪重负，引发了痛苦的争论。

意大利麻醉、镇痛、复苏和重症监护学院发布了一份指南，称之为类似“灾难医学”的场景。该学院直截了当地表示:鉴于医疗资源的严重短缺，该组织称，“最有成功机会和生命希望”的患者应该获得重症监护。

“如果你有一个99岁的男性或女性病人，那是一个有很多疾病的病人。你有一个需要给插管的小孩，你只有一个呼吸机，我的意思是，你不会抛硬币随机选择”。

罗马的一位外科医生说。他是在对一名年轻人的穿孔阑尾进行手术几个小时后说这番话的，这名年轻人曾与一名来自意大利北部的人接触过，那里的病毒在该国受到的打击最为严重。维泰利博士说，这是“对被隔离的人进行的紧急手术”，不知道他是否会发展。我不这么认为。但是，你永远不知道。”

意大利将冠状病毒大流行视为战时紧急情况。卫生官员正争先恐后地设立更多的床位。在米兰，旧的游乐场正在变成一个有500个新床位的紧急COVID-19医院；在全国各地，医院正在户外搭建充气帐篷进行分类。

《柳叶刀》杂志最近一篇关于意大利严峻形势的论文的合著者朱塞佩·雷穆齐博士说，其他国家可以从意大利吸取重要的教训。要点包括如何将一家综合医院迅速转变为一个由受过专门训练的医生和护士组成的冠状病毒护理单位。

“我们有皮肤科医生、眼科医生、病理学家，学习如何用呼吸机帮助病人，”雷穆齐说。

一些人质疑为什么意大利在2月21日病毒爆发时措手不及。

Remuzzi说他现在从全科医生那里听到了关于它的信息。“他们记得曾见过非常奇怪的肺炎，非常严重，尤其是在12月甚至11月的老年人中，”他说。“这意味着病毒正在传播，至少在伦巴第北部的[地区是这样，而且在我们意识到中国发生疫情之前。”

他说要对抗你不知道存在的东西是不可能的。

原文：

'Every Single Individual Must Stay Home': Italy's Coronavirus Surge Strains Hospitals

A patient in a biocontainment unit is carried on a stretcher from an ambulance at the Columbus Covid 2 Hospital in Rome, on Tuesday. Italy's health system is straining to keep up with quickly rising coronavirus cases.

Alessandra Tarantino/AP

Daniela De Rosa, a 43-year-old veterinarian in Italy's southwest Campania region, made a video message over the weekend as she was hospitalized with COVID-19. Her video plea has gathered much attention in Italy, which has just surpassed China in the number of reported deaths from the new coronavirus.

"I've been in isolation in a hospital room for so many days I've lost count," she says. "I have no contact with anyone other than doctors twice a day."

"Very few people understand what's happening. I want people to see I'm suffering," De Rosa continues.

"Every single individual must stay home and not endanger the lives of others," she insists.

Since the video was shared on Facebook last Sunday, it has racked up more than 11 million views.

The Coronavirus CrisisReporter's Notebook: What Life Is Like In Rome Under Coronavirus Lockdown

As of Thursday afternoon, Italy has registered 41,035 diagnoses of the coronavirus and 3,405 deaths. The death toll is now higher than China's known COVID-19 deaths of over 3,200. Earlier this month, Italy became the first Western country to launch a nationwide lockdown to contain the outbreak, but despite strict measures, the number of cases continues to rise.

Italy has a universal health care system. But now, its hospitals and medical staff are overwhelmed, prompting anguished debate.

The Italian College of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care has issued guidelines for what it calls a "catastrophe medicine"-like scenario. The college put it starkly: Given the serious shortage of health resources, patients with the "best chance of success and hope of life" should have access to intensive care, the organization says.

"If you have an 99-year-old male or a female patient, that's a patient with a lot of diseases. And you have [a] young kid that need[s] to be intubated and you only have one ventilator, I mean, you're not going to

Goats and SodaMAP: Confirmed Cases Of COVID-19

He's speaking just a few hours after operating on a perforated appendix of a young man who had been in contact with a person from northern Italy, where the virus has hit the hardest in the country. It was "an emergency operation done on somebody who was in quarantine," Dr. Vitelli says, "don't know if he's going to develop. I don't think so. But, you never know."

Italy is treating the coronavirus pandemic like a wartime emergency. Health officials are scrambling to set up more beds. In Milan, the old fairgrounds is being turned into an emergency COVID-19 hospital with 500 new beds; across the country, hospitals are setting up inflatable tents outdoors for triage.

Other countries can learn important lessons from Italy, says Dr. Giuseppe Remuzzi, co-author of a recent paper in The Lancet about the country's dire situation. The takeaways include how to swiftly convert a general hospital into a coronavirus care unit with specially trained doctors and nurses.

"We had dermatologists, eye doctors, pathologists, learning how to assist a person with a ventilator," Remuzzi says.

Some question why Italy was caught off guard when the virus outbreak was revealed on Feb. 21.

Remuzzi says he is now hearing information about it from general practitioners. "They remember having seen very strange pneumonia, very severe, particularly in old people in December and even November," he says. "This means that the virus was circulating, at least in [the northern region of] Lombardy and before we were aware of this outbreak occurring in China."

He says it was impossible to combat something you didn't know existed.