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主题:【文摘】海地的天灾人祸 -- 唵啊吽

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家园 【文摘】海地的天灾人祸

摘一些原文,粗略简述大意,不是忠实翻译。

CATASTROPHE IN HAITI: The Natural and Not-So-Natural Factor

Why were 60 percent of the buildings in Port-au-Prince shoddily constructed and unsafe in normal circumstances, according to the city’s mayor? Why are there no building regulations in a city that sits on a fault line? Why has Port-au-Prince swelled from a small town of 50,000 in the 1950s to a population of 2 million desperately poor people today? Why was the state completely overwhelmed by the disaster?

To understand these facts, we have to look at a second fault line — U.S. imperial policy toward Haiti. The U.S. government, the UN, and other powers have aided the Haitian elite in subjecting the country to neoliberal economic plans that have impoverished the masses, deforested the land, wrecked the infrastructure and incapacitated the government.

为什么海地自然灾害导致社会崩溃呢?原因是海地精英实行美帝为海地制定的新自由经济计划导致大众贫穷,生态毁灭,基础设施落后,政府无能。

During the Cold War, the U.S. supported the dictatorships of Papa Doc Duvalier and then Baby Doc Duvalier — which ruled the country from 1957 to 1986 — as an anti-communist counterweight to Castro’s Cuba nearby.

Under guidance from Washington, Baby Doc Duvalier opened the Haitian economy up to U.S. capital in the 1970s and 1980s. Floods of U.S. agricultural imports destroyed peasant agriculture. As a result, hundred of thousands of people flocked to the teeming slums of Port-au-Prince to labor for pitifully low wages in sweatshops located in U.S. export processing zones.

冷战期间美国支持海地独裁统治以对抗古巴。70和80年代开放经济让美国资本进入,低价的美国农产品摧毁了海地农业,农民离开家园住进太子港贫民窟,在出口美国加工区里的血汗工厂工作。

In the 1980s, masses of Haitians rose up to drive the Duvaliers from power–later, they elected reformer Jean-Bertrand Aristide to be president on a platform of land reform, aid to peasants, reforestation, investment in infrastructure for the people, and increased wages and union rights for sweatshop workers.

NO LOVE LOST FOR ARISTIDE

The U.S. in turn backed a coup that drove Aristide from power in 1991. Eventually, the elected president was restored to power in 1994 when Bill Clinton sent U.S. troops to the island — but on the condition that he implement the U.S. neoliberal plan — which Haitians called the "plan of death".

80年代海地人民推翻Duvaliers独裁统治,选举了改革家Aristide。Aristide 计划补贴农民,恢复森林,投资基础设施,土地改革,成立工会。1991年美国支持政变推翻民选政权。1994年克林顿政权拍美军把Aristide送回海地,条件是要求Aristide实行美国在海地的新自由经济计划。

Aristide resisted parts of the U.S. programme for Haiti, but implemented other provisions, undermining his hoped-for reforms. Eventually, though, the U.S. grew impatient with Aristide’s failure to obey completely, especially when he demanded $21 billion in reparations during his final year in office. The U.S. imposed an economic embargo that strangled the country, driving peasants and workers even deeper into poverty.

Aristide没有认真贯彻美国的意图,美国对海地实行经济封锁,导致大量工农陷入贫困。

In 2004, Washington collaborated with Haiti’s ruling elite to back death squads that toppled the government, kidnapped and deported Aristide. The United Nations sent troops to occupy the country, and the puppet government of Gérard Latortue was installed to continue Washington’s neoliberal plans.

2004年美国绑架和流放了民选总统Aristide,扶持傀儡Latortue政权以贯彻美国在海地的新自由经济计划。

Latortue’s brief regime was utterly corrupt — he and his cronies pocketed large portions of the $4 billion poured into the country by the U.S. and other powers when they ended their embargo. The regime dismantled the mild reforms Aristide had managed to implement. Thus, the pattern of impoverishment and degradation of the country’s infrastructure accelerated.

傀儡政权的腐败加速了海地的贫困落后。

In 2006 elections, the Haitian masses voted in long-time Aristide ally René Préval as president. But Préval has been a weak figure who collaborated with U.S. plans for the country and failed to address the growing social crisis.

In fact, the U.S., UN and other imperial powers effectively bypassed the Préval government and instead poured money into NGOs. "Haiti now has the highest per capita presence of NGOs in the world," says Yves Engler. The Préval government has become a political fig leaf, behind which the real decisions are made by the imperial powers, and implemented through their chosen international NGOs.

2006年选举的总统是个弱政府,美国主导的联合国重建资金都是由NGO来运作,结果,海地是人口平均最多NGO的国家。实际操盘手还是幕后的美国,他们选择那个NGO可以得到资金。

‘U.S.-BACKED UN OCCUPATION’

The real state power isn’t the Préval government, but the U.S.-backed United Nations occupation. Under Brazilian leadership, UN forces have protected the rich and collaborated with — or turned a blind eye to — right-wing death squads who terrorize supporters of Aristide and his Lavalas Party.

美国操纵的联合国托管海地。

First the Bush administration and now the Obama administration have used the coup and social and natural crises to expand the U.S.’s neoliberal economic plans.

Under Obama, the U.S. has granted Haiti $1.2 billion in debt relief, but it hasn’t canceled all of Haiti’s debt — the country still pays huge sums to the Inter-American Development Bank. The debt relief is classic window-dressing for Obama’s real Haiti policy, which is the same old Haiti policy.

美国是海地的债权国。海地至今还要给美国支付利息。

通宝推:真理,

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