主题：芬兰民族英雄曼纳海姆元帅年轻时候和中国倒是很有瓜葛。 -- CaoMeng

马达汉

曼纳海姆取此名的意思，除了是曼纳海姆的汉语音译，大概就是俺到中国，还有马上到中国的意思。我真不知道作者Eric Enno Tamm 是整么翻译成了《Horse that Leaps Through Cloud》马跳云霄？ 嗨，西方年轻人是一蟹不如一蟹啊！

不过话也说回来，一代英雄曼纳海姆跟普通人也不是一个层次的。

除了芬兰人的英勇抗争，曼那海姆对全局的统筹太重要了。他实在是对毛子的品性太了解了，所以该抵抗时坚决抵抗，该求和时，哪怕割地赔款也不含糊

否则这个小国，如何能在二战爆发前就抗住苏联一虐，后来沦为纳粹小弟还敢反攻，战后居然逃过斯大林的报复，免于加入红色大家庭

中国人总有自己的道德坚持吧.其实现在网上不停的争论美中之间的不同,其基本原因不就是因为道德坚守的不同吗.

手机都是手机,电脑都是电脑,皮肤也可以是黄皮白心,那怎么表现不同呢?或许就是对中国特有道德的坚守吧.

被他指点那么一下,效果能有多立竿见影?除非他肯一辈子为土共服务,那就另论了.美国这个,算得上是一辈子为美国服务了吧.

这就已经算是投诚,属于自己人啦.

我们日内瓦办公室有他的照片，我第一次看还以为谁这么大胆放希特勒的照片，后来才知道是他的。

可惜西西河发不了图片。

获得这样的历史评价，应该应份。

英文版的曼纳海姆亲笔写的中国之游的目的：

In the spring of 1906 soon after my coming back from the war, the Chief of the General Staff proposed that I undertake a journey from Russian Turkestan across Western China, the provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi and Shanxi up to Peking [Beijing].

The goals of my business trip were:

To collect information and military statistical materials in the region paying special attention to China behind the Great Wall.

To clarify to what extent the recently adopted reforms have influenced the state of affairs in the region.

To find out information relating to the preparations of the country’s defence, relocation and troop training.

To study the intensity of colonization by the Chinese of the provinces crossed by me as well as reforms carried out by the central government in the system of administrative management.

To assess the general condition of the population, its attitude to Chinese policy, political movements in regions or in local tribes striving towards self-government, the role of the Dalai Lama in such movements, the population’s opinion concerning Russia and Japan as well as the scope of Japanese influence in all activities undertaken by the Chinese government.

To study the routes to Kashgar and then Lanzhou and Peking [Beijing] in terms of the accessibility for our cavalry detachments and others and the transport of three types of weapons to Lanzhou.

In addition to the above instructions, some more specific tasks were set, such as:

To survey the road Kashgar – Gulja-davan – Uch-Turfan and along the Toshkan River.

To investigate the Toshkan River basin from its source in the mountains to its emptying into the Yarkand River in terms of arranging the defense line.

To make a military and statistical description of the Aksu oasis.

To study the way from Aksu to Gulja across the Muzart pass.

To study the Yulduz Valley.

Exploration of the readiness of the town of Lanzhou for possible future use.

I left Petersburg in late June and arrived in Tashkent on July 5 where I met the army group commander General-Lieutenant Subbotich and Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the region General-Major Markov. They did not give me any new instructions. It took me several days to supply me with the necessary supplies and equipment and I left Tashkent only on July 13 for Samarkand with the Cossacks of the Second Ural Cossack regiment assigned by the Imperial Order to participate in the expedition.

In Samarkand I recruited two Cossacks, viz. Ignati Yunusov and Shakir Rakhimjanov. I went to the town of Andijan by railroad and from there by horses to the town of Osh where I arrived on July 16.

Section F: About the Japanese

Preliminary Report on the Trip Undertaken by Imperial Order Across Chinese Turkestan and the Northern Provinces of China to Peking in 1906–07 and 1908 by Col. Baron Mannerheim

Pages 156-159

Activities of the Japanese have enhanced considerably since the last war. Their presence in all the provinces of northern China proves the scale of their attention to these provinces. Within the last two to three years, the influx of their goods has been continuously increasing and now they can be found even in the remotest markets. I saw them from Kashgar and Gulja and beginning from northern Gansu Japanese cotton cloth and various [goods] make up a significant part of imports even now.

Before my arrival in Xinjiang province, there were five Japanese there. Two of them visited the Ili district: one lived in Suidung for some time, invited the canzan at his place and communicated continuously with mandarins. They visited Chuguchak but left it prior to my arrival, though one – Hayashida – was to come back to work as a teacher. There were no military among them. Two others arrived from inner China to Xinjiang province in early 1907.

In some night shelters, I happened to hear about their trip, but I managed to find out their route only as far as Turfan. I concluded that they went to Urumqi as it would be impossible for them to drive through Toksun and Karashara unnoticed. Major Hino, who crossed Urumqi, Chuguchaw, the Ili region, the Yulduz Valley, Karashar and travelled farther to the south in 1907, seemed to be the first military man in Chinese Turkestan. He wore a military uniform, rode a horse given to him as a gift by canzun Chang accompanied by several Chinese officers and made a road survey. In Karashar, a regional civilian official and military mandarins paid him a visit responding to the business cards sent to them. I am mentioning these cases as they make me think that Hino undertook his trip on canzun Chang’s request. There are no Japanese in northern Gansu. I heard several times that there were Japanese travelling in the area but I think they were probably the same persons. In Lanzhou, twho Japanese worked as teachers about a year in one of schools, but they were fired shortly before my arrival due to some disagreement between them and the school authorities.

From southern Gansu and farther on, I heard constantly about the Japanese who came there to familiarize themselves with the market or to sell medicines, but the prices were so high that they didn’t sell much. They have been seen more often in this region after 1907. Two reports said they were going to Xinjiang province.

In the province of Shaanxi, I found eight Japanese teachers in the city of Xi’an. Three Japanese live in the city of Sang-yuang, and three Japanese in northern Shaanxi head oil production and are paid by the local administration. As has been mentioned, surveys for the railroad of Xi’an-Tongguan were undertaken by the Japanese and most likely they were military men.

I also happened to hear about Japanese on my way to Kaifeng via [Louyang], and in the city of Kaifeng as well as Taiyuan there were several Japanese teachers. In the northern part of Shanxi province the Japanese visited all cities there. In Guihua [Hohhot], I was told about one who had recently departed to Ili riding a camel and about another who went north to Mongolia. A Japanese crossed Fengzhan in the direction of Mongolia and in Kalgan [Zhangjiakou] they mentioned several similar cases.

It is apparent that the activity of the Japanese in the provinces of northern China has increased considerably within the last two to three years. Although their influence is seen more in instructions and programs issued by the central government than by local administrations, one should take into account the fact that any of those “modest” Japanese teachers are or could be secret advisors of higher provincial officials. The trip undertaken by Major Hino seems to be the first sign of more active work by the Japanese in Xinjiang province. I have already mentioned the Japanese have played a significant role in the economic life of Shanaxi province. Except for the activities mentioned, I did not observe any actions undertaken by the Japanese. More often they appeared in the district close to the frontiers of wouthern Mongolia from Ordos (middle and southern Gansu) to the lands of the Chahars (the entire northern part of Shanxi).

In schools, they usually teach chemistry and other science subjects. They keep away from Europeans and missionaries, even English ones.

At the beginning of my report, I mentioned the opinion of the Chinese authorities in Xinjiang province about the Japanese, the outcome of the last war, etc., and I can only add that there is a tangible dislike and distrust of the highest layers of the Chinese society towards them which only increased as I approached the Pacific coast.

They failed to gain the admiration of the Chinese after their astounding military victories; on the contrary, there is a feeling of anxiety and distrust due to their insatiable political appetite and incredible arrogance.

The Japanese impact on the revolutionary movement of southern China and the equivocal role played by Japan in weapon smuggling succeeded only in enhancing the dislike of the Chinese towards them. The hatred of the Chinese mandarins and others who visited Manchuria during the last war and the war between Japan and China is acquiring especially harsh forms. Chinese often criticize our actions too and unfortunately the criticism has grounds, but all the same, the Chinese give undoubted preference to us rather than the Japanese.

当间谍还非常高调，穿越山口的时候刻石记念呢！

http://www.doyouhike.net/forum/mountain/353948,0,0,1.html

小心滴问一下，做此壮举的可否就是瓷航惊涛兄你啊？

芬兰得以长期作为一个政治和军事缓冲地带，在北约/华约的“冷战”对峙中独善其身。最神奇的是，按照苏芬和约，“冷战”最高潮的年代，苏联还向芬兰提供了包括T-72在内的一系列先进武器装备:-)