主题：【原创】收入分配和经济危机 -- 万里风中虎

外链出处

Economy - overview:

Characterized by large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors, Brazil's economy outweighs that of all other South American countries and Brazil is expanding its presence in world markets. From 2003 to 2007, Brazil ran record trade surpluses and recorded its first current account surpluses since 1992. Productivity gains coupled with high commodity prices contributed to the surge in exports. Brazil improved its debt profile in 2006 by shifting its debt burden toward real denominated and domestically held instruments. "LULA" DA SILVA restated his commitment to fiscal responsibility by maintaining the country's primary surplus during the 2006 election. Following his second inauguration in October of that year, "LULA" DA SILVA announced a package of further economic reforms to reduce taxes and increase investment in infrastructure. Brazil's debt achieved investment grade status early in 2008, but the government's attempt to achieve strong growth while reducing the debt burden created inflationary pressures. For most of 2008, the Central Bank embarked on a restrictive monetary policy to stem these pressures. Since the onset of the global financial crisis in September, Brazil's currency and its stock market - Bovespa - have significantly lost value, -41% for Bovespa for the year ending 30 December 2008. Brazil incurred another current account deficit in 2008, as world demand and prices for commodities dropped in the second-half of the year.

GDP (purchasing power parity):

$2.03 trillion (2008 est.)

GDP (official exchange rate):

$1.665 trillion (2008 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

5.2% (2008 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):

$10,300 (2008 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 5.5%

industry: 28.5%

services: 66% (2008 est.)

Labor force:

100.9 million (2008 est.)

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 20%

industry: 14%

services: 66% (2003 est.)

Unemployment rate:

8% (2008 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 0.9%

highest 10%: 44.8% (2004)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

56.7 (2005)

Investment (gross fixed):

18.6% of GDP (2008 est.)