主题：请教 -- 葡萄

“What is the problem we wish to solve when we try to construct a rational economic order? On certain familiar assumptions the answer is simple enough. If we possess all the relevant information, if we can start out from a given system of preferences, and if we command complete knowledge of available means, the problem which remains is purely one of logic. That is, the answer to the question of what is the best use of the available means is implicit in our assumptions. The conditions which the solution of this optimum problem must satisfy have been fully worked out and can be stated best in mathematical form: put at their briefest, they are that the marginal rates of substitution between any two commodities or factors must be the same in all their different uses.

如果世界是一成不变的，或像星际运动一样周而复始，那经济问题确实可以通过全盘量化和集中计算来求得最优决策。

然而，世界不是严格遵循因果律的；更重要的是，至少对人类有限的认知而言，世界是在变化之中的！经济学是为了应变而存在的学科。没有变化，就无需经济学。正因如此，海耶克断言：如何协调千万人之间的行为，如何利用分散在千万人头脑中的信息，才是真正的经济学核心问题。

　　海耶克指出，要协调众人的行为，要利用分散的知识，信息的集中处理是不可能的，那是因为总有些信息是不可能预知的、或不可能言明的、或不可能量化的。缺了这种信息，大规模的计划经济计算就不可能成功；要解决问题，就必须通过市场，就必须由分立的个人并行处理他们独自拥有的信息，才能协调众人的行为和分散的信息。