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主题:【原创】主流媒体的完美之作:《围城中的拉萨》(已修订,第一段完) -- 厚积薄发

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家园 西媒操纵读者术解读

详细的分析我就留给厚兄了,这篇economist倒是一个很好的教材来分析西媒是如何操纵读者,夹带私货的。

这篇文章有三个中心主题:

1。藏人是受压迫的。

2。这次的暴动是民族矛盾,而不是分裂分子的野心。

3。中共政府是高压,充满宣传洗脑的。

如何在一篇似乎“平衡,客观”的报导中达到抹黑的效果?很简单,选择性的叙说和叙说的手法。

西媒惯用伎俩:

1。在不相关的地方加上定语,误导读者造成不正确的联想。

2。两句性质不同的句子联缀,造成假象。

3。不给数据,而专注于特定例子。

4。利用选择性的例子,造成读者感情上偏袒一方。

比如这段:

Beyond the Tibetan quarter, it is now possible to survey the full extent of the damage caused by the rioting of Friday and Saturday. It extends well into areas of the city where ethnic Han Chinese form the majority.

第一句的full extent和第二句的extend well into之间并无必要的联系。他给别人的印象是汉族区的灾情严重,但是即便汉族区的灾情是最轻的,他这么写法也是对的。所以这段根本没有给出任何实质上的论述,而只写出了一个印象。

还有,汉人占大多数这个用法也是说了等于没说。怎么占大多数法?50%?30%?这个城市范围怎么划分?满汉混血儿怎么算?他的数据依据是什么?这个写法只是在突出种族这个课题而已。

而到底这个“汉族区”的灾情到底有多严重?伤亡几何?多少店面被毁?没有论述。作者给的是他看到的几个例子:

Your correspondent saw a Bank of China branch with its windows smashed, the guardroom of the Tibet Daily, the Communist Party’s main mouthpiece in the region, similarly damaged, a multi-storey internet café gutted by fire, and shop after Chinese-owned shop burned or destroyed.

划红的基本上是继续突出种族课题的。至于最后的chinese-owned问题是作者除了猜想,是怎么得出的结论?他访问了店主人?还是只是因为店门口挂了中文招牌就是chinese-owned?当然这位写手大大狡猾的一点就是,严格来说,在拉萨所有的店都是chinese-owned。因为西藏人也是chinese,但是对西方读者来说,这里的chinese自然没有包括tibetan了。所以这个chinese-owned除了再次突出种族课题,再次划分chinese,tibetan之外,其实并无存在的价值。

The road around the temple, normally packed with pilgrims spinning their prayer wheels and murmuring prayers, is now nearly empty. At one point those trying to walk around it—an act of piety—were required to walk through a column of gun and baton-toting troops, one by one, and present their identity cards. Your correspondent saw several turned away—usually, it appeared, pilgrims from out of town—before the circuit was blocked to all. The pious had no choice but to turn back, retracing their steps around the temple in an anti-clockwise direction (to Tibetans unholy).

这段要利用的自然是西方人对宗教的狂热了。

第一段蓝字那段自然是很poetic了,先铺垫了一种nostalgic的气氛。然后再加上第二段蓝字,警察高压欺负虔诚佛教徒的形象简直淋漓尽致。喇嘛庙没有人是因为街上暴乱吧?警察是在保护喇嘛庙吧?怎么人家笔下这么一缀,就全变了样呢?当然最后红字那段就是点睛之笔了吧?

Some Han Chinese in the city remain nervous. A Han taxi driver (Hans, rather than Tibetans, dominate the taxi business) was reluctant to drive close to the Tibetan quarter despite the intense security. A Han shopkeeper more than a kilometre away from the Tibetan-dominated area said he would remain in Lhasa, his home for the past 20 years, but many other Hans would leave. A Han acquaintance, he said, had been knifed to death during the riots. An exodus of Hans—and a drying up of tourism from other parts of China—would deal a body blow to the city’s economy.

这段我也不多说。他咋就不问问其他民族,特别是藏民的反应呢?

其他我也不分析了。通篇都是教材。这种似是而非的报导,是宣传,不是journalism。特别是apparently,some,could be, maybe这种莫须有的用词。


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